基础

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

This paper analyze and study the influence of the superimposition in depth based on the previous achievements and combined with the theoretical qualitative analysis and project instances. The main contents as follow:Chapter 1: Indicate the significance and objective of this paper, review the previous achievements of the transient process and superimposition, and then present the study purpose of this paper.Chapter 2: combined with the physic knowledge of the fluctuation and the superimposition, Indicate the physical essences and the influence of the superimposition phenomena that exist in the diversion pipe system, and take one hydraulic turbine owning only one diversion tunnel and two hydraulic turbines sharing one tailrace conduit for instance to study out the numerical calculation superimpose operations.Chapter 3: From the calculation theory of the parameter of the guaranty calculation of regulation of the hydro-turbine, qualitative analyze the influence of the superimposition on them and the superpose time, combined with some project instances, get the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition and the superpose time.Chapter 4: Based on the previous achievements of the calculation and theoretical analysis of the surge-chamber ground swell, analyze the influence of the superimposition on it and the superpose time.

本文在前人研究成果的基础上，结合理论定性分析及工程实例，对波动叠加带来的影响进行深入分析研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水电站过渡过程及波动叠加方面的有关研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，结合物理学中有关振动与波动叠加方面的有关知识，阐述水电站引水发电系统中存在的波动现象的实质及其影响，并以两机一洞和一机一洞具有上游调压室或下游调压室的水电站拟定其数值计算叠加工况；第3章，从机组调保参数的理论出发，定性的分析波动叠加对机组调保参数的不利影响及叠加时间，结合几个工程实例，得到波动叠加带来的影响大小及叠加时间；第4章，在前人对调压室涌浪进行计算和理论分析的基础上，分析波动叠加对调压室涌浪的影响及其叠加时间。

With the reference of characteristic and requirements of soil static pre-loading,the groundsill was statically preloaded after- raft foundation work.

通过借鉴土体预压法的特点和要求对筏板基础施工后的地基进行静载荷预压，在确保筏板基础安全稳定的同时，固化了土体，有效地消除了地基基础在上部荷载作用下的过大变形，其工程经验具有一定的参考价值。

Piled raft foundations, which is extensively used, is an important foundation pattern of highrise buildings.

桩筏基础是高层建筑广泛采用的一种重要的基础型式，关于桩筏基础与地基共同作用的研究受到学术界和工程界的普遍关注。

These algorithms have laid a foundation for setting up the basic data in MES. The five elements BOM definition used to describe product structure is given in order to reduce BOM quantity and realize BOM consistency effectively. In addition, the mapping algorithm is implemented by five elements BOM, which can make them link seamlessly to transforming from product structure model to procedure model with workflow. It provides a technical foundation to control and management in the product life cycle. And it also meet requirements which include the identicalness, integrality, integration of BOM data in the product life cycle.

介绍了BOM的基本概念，提出了EBOM／PPBOM向MBOM映射的算法和多BOM数据死锁的检验算法，为快速建立MES中的基础数据打下了基础；给出了五元组BOM对产品结构进行描述的柔性定义，可有效减少BOM数量和实现BOM的一致性；提出了基于五元组BOM的产品结构模型向Petri网过程模型的映射算法，从面向产品结构的建模转化为面向过程的Petri网建模，从而为产品的全生命周期的控制与管理提供了技术基础，满足产品生命周期中的BOM的一致性、完整性和数据集成性的需求。

In Chapter Five, the final chapter, the author concludes that, the obligee can choose theright of claim most favorable to him under general circumstances, or choose both of theclaims available to him under certain special circumstances; if the right of claims aretransferred, the inflicter shall demur with the existed right to claim indemnity, no matterwho lodge a complaint, either the transferor or the transferee; when the law has a specialprovision or the parties achieves a fairly special agreement within the limit of law, thespecial provision or agreement shall be obeyed.

论文的第五部分，也就是最后一部分，在分析前人的理论和实践的优劣的基础上，在分析解决问题的出发点的基础上以及在借鉴前人的成果的基础上，作者最后提出自己对该问题的解决方法，即：一般竞合的情况下权利人可任意主张其中一项对自己最为有利的请求权；特殊情况下受害人可同时采用双重请求权；竞合情况下若出现请求权转让，无论是转让人还是受让人依请求权提起诉讼，加害人都可以业已存在的对其要求损害赔偿的请求权进行抗辩；法律有特别规定或当事人在法律允许的范围内有特别的公平约定时，应依特别规定或特别约定。2

From the angle of engineering application, this article analysed the corrosion characteristics and damage causes of the current structural used concrete in the region of Hangzhou gulf, on the basis of on-site survey of all the Marine concrete projects in that area. Taking HPC used in Marine as research objective, this article put great emphasis on the influence of the composition cementing material system to concrete performance, and make a preliminary probe into the action mechanism of the composite effects of various mineral materials in improving the performance of concrete by laser measuring size machine and EMPA. Through experiments, the article discussed how chloride ingression in concrete will be effected by such factors as exposure time, chloride binding, environment temperature, stress and cracks conditions; and also analysed the symptoms of these factors in the model of concrete service life prediction by conference to all related research reports both home and aboard. On the foundation of abovementioned research, this paper brought up an engineering model of service life prediction of marine concrete, which is based on chloride-induced corrosion.

本文从工程应用的角度，在对杭州湾地区既有海工混凝土工程作实地调研的基础上，研究分析杭州湾地区既有海工混凝土结构的腐蚀特点和破坏原因；以海工高性能混凝土为研究对象，着重研究复合胶凝材料体系对混凝土性能的影响，并应用激光粒度仪、EMPA等分析手段，就复合胶凝材料的作用机理进行初步探讨；试验研究混凝土暴露时间、胶凝材料对氯离子的吸附、环境温度、应力和裂缝状态等因素对混凝土中氯离子迁移运动的影响，并结合国内外相关研究报导，探讨这些因素在混凝土使用寿命预测模型中的表征；在上述研究基础上，提出以氯离子侵蚀为基础的海工混凝土使用寿命预测的工程应用模型。

The results showed when the structure on raft foundation was close to the tunnel, the total displacement at the top of superstructure took place irreclaimable excursions to another direction, the foundation swung, too. But that of the structure on pile-raft foundation was not.

计算结果表明，当隧道紧靠建筑物时，筏基－结构相互作用体系的基础和结构顶层水平位移均发生了向无隧道一侧的偏移，而桩筏基础－结构相互作用体系的基础和结构顶层水平位移均未发生偏移。

This text is through analysing and appraising the mode in three kinds of achievements of comparing: Including the financial mode based on accounting income; Create for value mode of foundation and keep the balance score card as the basic balance mode with value with balance.

本文通过分析比较三种业绩评价模式：分别是以会计收益为基础的财务模式；以价值创造为基础的价值模式和以平衡记分卡为基础的平衡模式。

In the paper, on the basis of aggregation of previous studies, the development of optical technology and development trends at home and abroad are introduced, the principle of Fresnel lens is summarized. In accordance with its principle, circle equidistant steps Fresnel lens design is described. And on this basis, based on Fresnel design, also based on a continuous upward spiral of the plane curve concept, incidence surface and the backlight is set up to greet Archimedes - Fresnel lens design formula and the Second parabolic type Fresnel lens design formula, and on this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of the three designs is discussed.

本文在充分了解非球面光学技术在国内外的发展状况和趋势的基础上，同时从菲涅尔透镜的光学原理出发，并根据它的工作原理推导了圆环等距菲涅尔透镜的设计步骤，并在此基础上依据菲涅尔的设计思想，同时依据平面曲线的连续又呈螺旋的构思，推导出了迎光面和背光面阿基米德型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式和二次抛物面型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式，并在此基础上讨论了这三种设计各自的优缺点。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。