基本算法

Comparing the run_time between insertion sort and quicksort shows insertion sort gives better performance when the given data sequence is in ascending order. For the nearly sorted list, whether insertion sort performs better than quicksort depends on the size of the list and the number of randomly ordered items. Compared to the insertion sort, the results show quicksort yields shorter run_time if the list is in descending or random order. The main drawback of quicksort is the worst case behavior of O(n2) comparisons when the list is in ascending or descending order. It has been shown that quicksort also performs poorly for nearly sorted list.

通过插入排序和快速排序执行时间比较显示：当序列以递增次序排列时，插入排序的表现比快速排序好；对于基本有序序列，插入排序算法是否比快速排序算法好取决于序列的大小和基本有序序列中随机分布元素的多少；对于递减和随机序列，快速排序的运行时间比插入排序好。

It not only analyses the metaphor mechanisms of AIS, but also describe the framework of immune algorithm and common immune algorithm. On the other hand the paper introduces the topological structure of Bayes network, assumption of the independence condition, the basic Bayes formula.

对人工免疫系统，不仅分析了它的仿生机理，还给出了免疫算法的基本架构，和常用的基于群体的免疫算法；对贝叶斯网络，给出了基本的贝叶斯公式，分析了贝叶斯网络的拓扑结构，和条件独立性假设。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

Secondly, in our methods, the essential geometry of the image single axis geometry may be specified by six parameters and this may be estimated from one conic and one fundamental matrix (a total of 12 parameters) or may be minimally estimated from two conics (a total of 10 parameters).

本文证明了单轴旋转运动的不变量可以通过一个基本矩阵和一条二次曲线来确定，在这种情况下，由于基本矩阵的自由度为7，二次曲线的自由度为5，所需确定的参量个数仅为12，大大减少了不变量的计算量；本文同时证明单轴旋转运动的不变量可以通过最少两条二次曲线来确定，在这种情况下所需确定的参量个数仅为10，该方法是目前同类算法中参数最少的；本文提出了用多条二次曲线求解单轴旋转运动的不变量的最大似然估计算法，其所需确定的参量个数为6+2n，其中n为二次曲线的个数，该公式更深刻地反映了二次曲线与不变量的参数关系。

The discrete curvature vector based method to fair mesh by modifying vertex positions We first low-pass filter the discrete curvature vector function to make it change more gradually and uniformly, and then modify the vertex positions according the resulted function to improve the fairness of mesh.

以此为基础，给出了两个算法：网格改点光顺的离散曲率向量法基本思想是先用低通滤波算子修匀曲率向量，并由此修改顶点的位置以改善网格的光顺性。具体算法吸取了优化问题中Zoutendijk可行方向法的基本思想。

We construct a family of iterative mappings, which yield cyclic windows of variant size in the dynamical plane by incorporating cosine functions and non-linear angle variables with parameters. Chaotic attractors and filled-in Julia sets in the different cyclic windows are created by establishing the coordinates of any cyclic windows and the maximal window, then clarifying the relationship of corresponding points between these cyclic windows. The respective images in different windows are continuous but with individual structures.

该算法采用余弦函数及含参的非线性角度变量构造一族使动力平面上各周期窗口的尺度变化的迭代映射；通过计算任意周期窗口和最大周期窗口得出窗口间相应点之间的非线性对应关系，并构造出各周期窗口中的混沌吸引子和充满Julia集，其图案是连续的且结构不同的；选用不同的周期窗口作为基本计算区域，使之与正方形像素矩阵对应，并构造出基本图元，实现了用一个映射构造出多个平面排列图案的算法。

The principle and benefits in distributed interactive simulation of dead reckoning algorithm has been analysed , its basic models and some interpolation integral models are discussed and point the main direction in researching this algorithm is pointed out.

对预估算法的基本思想及其在分布交互仿真中的作用进行了分析；探讨了该算法的基本模型和插值积分模型；并指出研究该算法的主要方向。

Based on the research work of basic theories including phase space reconstruction,embedding theorem,correlation dimension,local dynamics,Lyapunov exponents,surrogate data etc,based on the research work of general methods such as principal component analysis,correlation dimension GP algorithm,false neighbors method,nonlinear time series prediction,local prediction, adaptive prediction,neural network model,support vector machines regression model, prediction power,nonlinear detection,coarse-graining methodology,conditional entropy and so on,the framework of nonlinear time series analysis are constructed.

在对包括相空间重构、嵌入定理、关联维数、局部动力学、Lyapunov指数、替代数据(来源：A97BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)、等基本理论与其物理意义的研究和讨论基础上；在对包括主分量分析、关联维数GP算法、伪邻近点法、非线性时间序列预测、局域预测、自适应预测、神经网络模型、支持向量回归模型、预测效果、非线性检测、粗粒化方法、条件熵等非线性时间序列一般分析方法的原理和算法研究基础上；构建了新的非线性时间序列分析的理论体系，归纳总结了非线性时间序列分析的基本问题和主要研究方面。2。

A method based on map matching arithmetic which includes muzzy logic arithmetic can emendate error of gps localization . this method is introduced in the paper

着重分析了地图匹配算法的基本原理，基本方法，并应用了一种基于模糊逻辑地图匹配算法校正gps定位误差。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。