基本算法

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The primary work of this paper includes: 1 The general process and the fundamental theory of genetic algorithm is introduced systematically, which is also be applied to an example; 2 The penalty function method and the constraint tournament method are introduced in the paper, which are used to process the constraint limit. Via analyzing the basic principle of NSGA-II ,which is elaborated in the paper, the fast non- dominated sorting method, congestion distance and its comparison operator, the elite strategy and the main process of NSGA-II is researched particularly. 3 Via modeling the fire distribution problem, the model is computed by the algorithm of NSGA-II, which is combined with both the penalty function method and the restraint league tournament method The optimization of two goals are also realized in the paper. The results derived from the VC++6.0 indicate that, two algorithms both have the high convergence, simultaneously the Pareto optimal solution also maintain the variety of distribution.

本文所作的主要工作如下：系统地介绍了遗传算法的一般流程和基本理论，并应用于一个函数优化的实例；研究了用于处理约束限制的罚函数法和约束联赛法，论述了NSGA-II的基本原理，并对其提出的快速非支配排序法、拥挤度及其比较算子、精英策略及NSGA-II的主要流程作了详细的研究；建立了火力分配问题的模型，并将NSGA-II算法分别与罚函数法和约束联赛法相结合对该模型进行了计算，实现了对两个目标的最优化；用VC++6.0编程计算后所得的结果表明，两种算法均具有很好的收敛性，同时Pareto最优解也保持了好的多样性分布。

Basic knowledge of digital watermarking such as background, fundamental theory, characteristics, algorithm evaluating is introduced in this thesis.

本文简介了数字水印背景、基本原理、特征、算法评测等基本知识，介绍了目前主流数字水印算法，给出了DCT域和DWT域两种数字盲水印算法。

As expected, the results show that GA cannot identify the high order building block problems. Also, the problem for mixing and juxtaposing of building blocks is analyzed. The study suggests that simple selection and crossover require the help of additional operators if fast, efficient processing is desired.

由Holland首先提出的基本遗传算法是研究最为广泛的进化计算算法之一，其基本理论依据是模式定理和"构造块"假设理论，但理论和应用表明GA中的重组操作常造成构造块破坏，导致算法容易早熟逼近局部。

As well, ACA outperforms GA in performance on average. 2. Through the analysis and studying of Ant colony algorithm and Flow shop scheduling problem, a construction graph is introduced. Two ant colony algorithms are proposed and analyzed for solving the flow shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the flowtime. The Initialization of parameters and updating of trail intensities and probability is described respectively and a newly local search technique is proposed. Last is the experiment and the comparison shows that the PACA performs better than the FACA in the case of relatively large-sized problems than in the case of relatively small-sized problems.

通过对基本蚁群算法的实现过程和流水调度问题进行研究，给出了求解流水调度问题的解构造图，提出了两种蚁群算法来求解以总流程时间最小为目标的流水调度问题-FACA 蚁群算法和PACA 蚁群算法，分别给出了FACA 蚁群算法和PACA 蚁群算法的参数初始化方式、相对应的信息素更新方法和概率分布规则，并提出了局部搜索模式，最后进行模拟试验，对这两种算法进行比较，试验结果表明：对于较大规模的问题，PACA 蚁群算法要优于FACA 蚁群算法，而对于较小规模的问题，FACA 蚁群算法优于PACA蚁群算法。

The basic principle and algorithm of Q-learning and related developed algorithms including Q and SARSA is studied. We distinguished between two types of RL algorithms: on-policy and off-policy, and the convergence result of SARSA(0) algorithm was discussed.

研究了Q-学习的基本原理、算法和相关的几种改进算法，如Q算法和SARSA算法；区分了两类强化学习算法：在策略和离策略算法；讨论了SARSA(0)算法的收敛性。

This paper first introduces the basic principle and concept of data fusion, summarizes levels and model structure of data fusion, summarizes common algorithms and sorts them, separately expounds data fusion algorithms, neural network and evidence theory, and lucubrates the structure design of neural network. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of neural network and the evidence theory are discussed. In order to colligate the two algorithms strongpoint and increase the fault diagnosis accuracy, fault diagnosis method using data fusion integrated Ann and evidence theory is presented and diagnosis approach of this method is expatiated on.

本文首先对数据融合的基本原理、基本概念进行了阐述，总结了数据融合的层次和模型结构形式，并对常用的融合算法进行了总结分类；分别对数据融合算法—神经网络方法和证据理论方法—进行了详细的阐述，同时对神经网络的结构设计进行了深入研究；然后对神经网络和证据理论方法优缺点进行了分析，在此基础上为了实现两种算法优势互补，提高诊断的准确率，提出了神经网络和证据理论集成的数据融合故障诊断法，并详细阐述了这种方法的诊断原理。

the effect of inertia weight on particle swarm optimization is studied,on basis of which adopts four kinds of strategies of inertia weight to regulate the speed of a new quantum delta potential well based particle swarm optimization.a faster and more stabile algorithm,found by comparing the performances of four equations regulated the inertia weight,solves 0/1 knapsack problem.the result of experiment shows that the modified algorithm improves the precision of optimal solution and has a faster speed and a higher efficiency in convergence.in a word,choosing a parameter of inertia weight suitably can improve the performance of new qdpso.

摘 要：在研究惯性权重对基本pso算法影响的基础上，根据惯性权重对粒子群算法影响的特点，采用4种惯性权重策略对一种新的具有量子行为的粒子群算法的速度进行调节，比较每种算法的性能，从中找到一种新的性能更好的改进算法，将其用于求解0-1背包问题。实验结果表明较好地选择惯性权重参数对算法的性能有很大提高，该改进算法在求解0-1背包问题中具有高效性，提高了最优解的精度，同时具有较快的收敛速度。

With this measure, a new method for calculating the minimum embedding segment dimension of a linear segment sequence is proposed. With this method, the MESD of the linear segment representation of a real financial time series is calculated.

该方法实现了对时间序列的基于基本变化形态的合理分割，保证转换后的每一个符号都能代表一个基本的、相对独立的变化模式，为最终挖掘结果的有效性和可视化提供保证；同时，针对数据挖掘数据量大，对算法的计算效率和在线性能要求高的特点，提出了一个实现时间序列分段线性化的增量式更新算法；并利用神经网络模糊聚类算法实现了完全数据驱动的在线聚类分析。

Firstly, the realizable ways of signal detection and sample、 power circuit and the application of low-consumption model of MSP430 are discussed, by which the required function of current protection and voltage protection can be realized. Secondly, different protection algorithm based on micro-computer are discussed in this article, and from the virtues and defects of Fourier algorithm, an improved algorithm is put forward, and the importance of the improved algorithm is displaced. Thirdly, according to the national standard of GB/T18858 .3-2002, the principle of networklization of intelligence trip relay and how to realize it are mentioned. Lastly, using the current conditions, the test of precision is done. The experimental date present that the system is working well and can realize the real-time function of on-line detection.

首先在硬件设计上，对于信号检测、处理、电源电路、MSP430系列单片机的低功耗方式应用以及人机接口电路等问题提出了实现方法，基本实现了大范围电流、电压信号实时监控等功能；其次，本文还对当前各种微机保护算法进行了介绍，分析了傅立叶算法在实现智能脱扣器保护功能中的优缺点，并针对傅立叶算法中计算偏于复杂的问题对该算法进行了改进，提出了基于FFT的改进算法，通过算法的分析和比较，对改进算法的性能给出了评价；然后结合我国现场总线国家标准GB/T18858.3-2002讨论了DeviceNet现场总线在实现脱扣器网络化的原理，实现方法，论述了通讯接口电路的设计；最后利用现有条件，对装置进行了性能测试，试验数据说明系统工作状态较好，可以满足低压配电网自动化对低压脱扣器的各项要求。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。