基本研究

At the first part of this work, the basic characteristics and the development of the research on the oxyfluoride glass ceramics was reviewed, and the optical properties of oxyfluoride glass ceramics doped with Ho〓, Er〓, Tm〓 ions, also that of the precursor oxyfluoride glasses was studied.

本工作第一部分对氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的基本特点、研究概况进行了综述，同时，对Ho〓，Er〓，Tm〓离子掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷及其前驱体—氟氧化物玻璃材料的基本光谱性质进行了研究。

This paper mainly studies the issues about the copyright in electronic commerce, drawing on the basic theories and methods concerning about the research on copyright in network, and trying to connect with the characters of trade and service. This text comprises 4 parts:The first part disserts the relationship between electronic commerce and copyright protection. When digital products are traded online, more attention about copyright protection must be paid to them. And many works protected by the copyright law are suitable for electronic commerce.

本文借鉴网络环境下版权研究的基本理论与基本方法，试图结合电子商务的贸易与服务特性，对电子商务中的版权问题进行系统研究，全文共分为四个部分：第一部分论述电子商务与版权保护的关系，数字产品网上交易必须强调版权保护，而大多数受版权保护的作品适合于电子商务，电子商务的发展又对版权保护形成挑战。

Through this study, the sustainable management hierarchical system of forest ecosystem was established, providing the frame of forest sustainable management which given dominance to the basic hydrology ecosystem processing of mountain forest. At the same time, this research brought forward the "double-cycle" mode maintaining the integrality of Tianshan Mountain forest ecosystem. Within all these studies, on one hand, through the research about the regeneration response to different disturbance types, the scientific measures concerning restoration and rebuilding of fragmentized landscape were supplied. On the other hand, t

建立了森林生态系统可持续经营等级系统，为天山以森林生态系统基本水文生态过程为主导的森林可持续经营提供了框架；提出的天山森林生态系统生态完整性自维持的&双循环&模式为天山森林生态系统的可持续经营奠定理论基础，通过不同干扰方式下天山云杉的更新反应研究，为破碎化森林景观的恢复与重建提供了科学途径，通过对天山云杉分布格局及动态、更新格局、林冠干扰后的系列特征及相应的参数和反映种群生活史的生命表研究，为天山森林生态系统可持续经营景观水平的评价提供了基本参数。

It is organized as follows:In Chapter 1, we introduce proximal point algorithms" framework and current research situation, optimization problems and variational inequalities" background and current research situation, and some basic concepts and lemmas, which are used in this dissertation.

本文具体安排如下：第一章简要介绍了邻近点算法的基本框架和研究现状，最优化问题和变分不等式问题的背景和研究现状，以及本文需要用到的一些基本概念和引理。

There has been considerable recent interest in algorithms for finding communities in networks groups of vertices within which connections are dense but between which connections are sparser.

本文简要介绍了复杂网络的基本概念并详细总结了近年复杂网络集团特性的研究进展，重点分析了社区发现算法的最新研究成果，最后提出这一领域几个有待解决的问题和可能的发展方向。1引言&结构决定功能&是系统科学的基本观点[1]。

A novel ultrafast SOA model is presented and the numerical arithmetic is provided.Secondly, an analytical formula for wavelength conversion of transient cross phase modulation is deduced from the viewpoint of impulse response function.

概括全文的研究成果和贡献，有如下几个方面：(1)研究了SOA实现全光信号处理的基本原理，推导了SOA中最基本的光场传输方程和载流子速率方程，分析各种非线性效应的原理及其应用。

Summarizing its basic clues, environment ales and research methods is a fundamental requirement for studying this subject.

概括其基本线索、环境特征、研究方法是该学科研究的基本要求。

By using the NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis of daily with the horizontal resolution of 10°×10°(lat./lon. grid), the representative Pacific area (0°～ 60°N, 160°E～120°W) in northern hemisphere summer is chosen to analyse the 3D wind field, according to which the mean meridional circulation of the lower and middle latitudes, especially the Ferrel cell, is studied and a new concept model of Ferrel cell is carried out. Compared with the classical model, the new one describes more precisely the low and high level winds and has the ability to describe how the westerlies sustain on the real rotating Earth.

本文利用1998～2003年的NCEP/NCAR（National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research，美国国家环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心）再分析资料（10°×10°，经/纬度网格），根据北半球夏季（6～8月）太平洋地区（0°～60°N；160°E～120°W）的三维风场的基本特征，分析了北半球夏季太平洋地区平均经圈环流，特别是Ferrel环流的特征，发现Ferrel环流具有与已往研究不同的性质，并在此基础上提出了Ferrel环流新的概念模型，与过去的经典的环流概念模型相比能较好地描述高低空环流的基本特征，同时在考虑地球自转效应下，能够完满地解释中高纬度西风带的维持。

By using the NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis of daily with the horizontal resolution of 1.0°x1.0°(lat./lon. grid), the representative Pacific area (0°~60°N, 160°E~120°W) in northern hemisphere summer (Jun-Jul-Aug) is chosen to analyse the 3-D wind field, according to which the mean meridional circulation of the lower and middle latitudes, especially the Ferrel cell, is studied and a new concept model of Ferrel cell is carried out. Compared with the classical model, the new one describes more precisely the low- and high- level winds and has the ability to describe how the westerlies sustain on the real rotating Earth.

本文利用1998~2003年的NCEP/NCARNational Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research，美国国家环境预报中心／美国国家大气研究中心）再分析资料（1.0°×l.0°，经／纬度网格），根据北半球夏季（6~8月）太平洋地区(0°~60°N； 160°E~120°W的三维风场的基本特征，分析了北半球夏季太平洋地区平均经圈环流，特别是Ferrel环流的特征，发现Ferrel环流具有与已往研究不同的性质，并在此基础上提出了Ferrel环流新的概念模型，与过去的经典的环流概念模型相比能较好地描述高低空环流的基本特征，同时在考虑地球自转效应下，能够完满地解释中高纬度西风带的维持。

Firstly, we research the Vlasov antenna with reflector mainly. A new method to calculate the radiation of the antenna is founded with Vectorial Theory of Diffraction, and the corresponding program is made. The reflective characters of Vlasov antenna are studied with Moment Methods, and the results show that the total reflected energy is less than 0.25%. The radiation patterns of the antenna are analyzed, and the formulas to estimate the wave beam parameters and to design the antenna are provided. The feasibility of radiating high-order modes by Vlasov antenna is also discussed and verified. The hermetization of the Vlasov antenna is researched and the results show that with such kinds of hermetization the antenna can work under gigawatt level. The design of the mode converter from TEM to TMoi is studied, which is useful when the TEM coaxial mode is radiated by Vlasov antenna. At last, the flared-end Vlasov antenna is also discussed.

在Vlasov天线方面：用矢量绕射理论建立了天线辐射场的计算模型并编写了计算程序，该程序计算结果在主瓣上与实验测量吻合良好，近旁瓣也基本一致；利用矩量法计算了天线的反射系数，表明该天线有较小的反射，总的能量反射小于0.25％；详细分析了天线的辐射特性，给出了天线辐射波束相关参数的估算公式和天线设计公式；进一步研究和论证了Vlasov天线辐射高阶轴对称模的可行性；对天线的密封方式和功率容量进行了讨论，结果表明在不需很大密封罩的情况下可以获得GW级的功率容量；为了用Vlasov天线辐射同轴TEM模，研究了TEM-TM_(01)模式转换器的设计，得到了一些基本规律；最后，介绍和分析了带有锥形喇叭的Vlasov天线。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。