基本特点

The main valuable contributions listed as the following: The dissertation at first takes a view on the currently dominant modulation recognition algorithms and summarizes the basic structures and the characteristics of those. Meanwhile, it summarizes the methods of extracting the classification feature and generalizes the commonly used features.

主要工作可概括如下：论文首先概述了目前主要的调制识别方法，总结了一般调制识别方法的基本结构和各组成部分的特点，同时还对分类特征的提取方法和常用的分类特征进行了概括及总结，并且提出了调制识别领域有待解决的主要课题和研究方向。

Ground on the actual conditions of CAI, CSE and physical experiment teaching in our country, a new-style simulant physical experiment-teaching mode that based on independent instruments and components is offered in this paper. This mode is devised according to the essential CAI educational theory-the Constructivism also. The most distinct advantage of this mode is, with enough simulant instruments and components, students can not only implement experiments according to the textbooks, but also design and carry out new experiments by themselves. Students experiment interest can be activized and their creative thinking and competence can be improved.

本文在分析了我国计算机辅助教学、计算机仿真实验和物理实验教学现状的基础上，根据计算机辅助教学的基本教育理论-建构主义，提出了一种全新的仿真物理实验开发模式-基于仪器和元器件的开发模式，指出了其最突出的特点，即在提供充足的实验仪器和元器件的基础上，学生不仅可以按照教材上的实验方案，也可以自己设计实验方案进行实验，甚至还可以自己设计并实施新实验，从而充分调动学生的学习兴趣，并由对仿真实验的兴趣过渡到对实物实验的兴趣，以弥补我国学生实验条件差、实践机会少的缺陷，培养他们的动手能力和创新能力。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

In recent years, Multilayer neural networks have been widely applied due to their ability of approximating to arbitrary nonlinear function.

实际过程中的系统具有复杂性、多样性和随机性等特点，这使我们一般无法利用机理分析法建立其基本的数学模型结构。

They are authored by family physicians and are typical of patients seen in their practices.

必要的家庭医学︰基本规律和情况，他们被家庭医师发起并且是在他们的惯例方面看见的病患的特点。

At the same time, value investment is prevailing , value finding is the rhythm , and the investment model basted on the background , development and achievement of public company is becoming the market focus .

挤尽股市泡沫，抛弃投机心理，价值投资再次凸现。价值发现，价值回归，成为市场的主旋律，以上市公司的行业为基本背景，以上市公司成长性为主要特点，以上市公司业绩为最直接投资依据的投资模式成为市场的主流热点。

This paper proposes several commonly used fishing buoys' locating and monitoring systems involving their basic components, working principles and respective features.

介绍了几种常用的渔用浮标定位监视系统的基本组成、工作原理及各自的特点。

Based on an analysis of the systematic and operational characteristics of the BRT system, this paper indicates that the linear land-use pattern in Curitiba and the channelized BRT lanes are the keys as well as the basis that lead to the success of the BRT system and its operation.

在认真剖析BRT系统特点和运行特性的基础上，指出带形城市用地布局形态和分流的交通组织是BRT系统成功应用的关键，也是该系统应用的基本前提。

Organizational investors are lack of high-efficiency assets collocates. We should know, one healthy stock market should be full of investing views not of speculating views.This paper mainly adopts nature determination and comparison methods.

本文采用定性和比较的分析方法，以国际ETF发展的最新情况为背景，较为详尽的介绍了ETF的特点和基本投资理念；指出运用ETF来发展我国指数基金的必要性和可行性，实证分析了上证50ETF的推出、市场表现与不足。

Three commixed still image coding algorithms are proposed based on them and such ideas as: zerotree coding, WMSE (which is based on mankind visual characteristics), classified vector quantization with different vectorstructures and classification methods.

首先回顾了矢量量化的基本原理和一般算法，对小波变换结合矢量量化技术的特点作出分析和总结。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。