基本变量

Based on the theory, the differential geometry of statistical model proposed by Amari is generalized from probability space to Sugeno measure space, and a new notion of fuzzy manifold based on Sugeno measure is proposed, including the fundamental differential-geometrical structures of statistical models, the tangent space, and the Riemannian metric in a fuzzy manifold.

第四章介绍了Sugeno测度空间上随机变量的数字特征，在此基础上将学者Amari提出的统计流形从概率测度空间推广到Sugeno测度空间，提出了一种基于Sugeno测度的模糊流形分析方法，包括Sugeno模糊模型的基本微分几何结构，模糊流形中的切空间、黎曼度量。

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

If these n independent random variables have nearly uniform distribution densities then the fractional part defined above will converge to uniform distribution when n approach to infinity.

论文以随机数产生、随机变量产生和方差衰减为主线，系统研究了随机系统仿真中的一些基本问题，提出了解决这些问题的若干办法，得到了一系列的结论。

The main idea of the finite difference method is as follows: We consider the discrete difference equation with the finite alphas as approximate substitution for the differential equation with the continuous variant and boundary conditions.

有限差分方法的基本思想是用离散的，只含有有限个未知数的差分方程去近似代替连续变量的微分方程及边界条件，并把相应的差分方程解作为微分方程的近似解。

Many other template engines for PHP provide basic variable substitution and dynamic block functionality.

许多其它PHP模板引擎提供了基本的变量替换和动态块功能。

ABSTRACT With the development of installed capacity and power system interconnect scale, the importance of stable monitor and control is becoming more and more obvious. The phase angle is one of basic state variable of electric power system, so monitoring and controlling power angle and phasor of the bus voltage are the most important means.

随着电网装机容量的增大及电网互连规模的扩大，电网的稳定监视和控制越来越重要，而相角是反映系统最基本的状态变量之一，因此监视和控制发电机的功角和母线电压相量，将是电力系统稳定监视和控制最重要的手段。

With respect to phonetics, Distinctive Features for the phonetic syncopation of spatial information are extracted based on Bertin's retinal variables. The importance of geographic reality, cognitive laws and geometric laws in the syncopation is pointed out following the thorough inspection of the physical characteristics of spatial information and a phonetic hierarchy of phoneme、 phoneme combination is proposed after the summarization of different methods of syncopation in Psychology, Pattern Recognition, Mathematic Morphology and Cartography, which provides linguistic interpretation for cartographic symbol design and understanding. With respect to the property that map symbol is represented as the combination of attribute and geometry in digital form of spatial information, suprasegmental phoneme as unit is proposed which deals with the high level phonetic units and their structure with the bend of curve and the simple area of complex area as primitive.

在语音结构方面，基于Bertin的视觉变量，提取了产生空间信息语音切分的区别特征；对空间信息的物理特征进行了详尽分析，指出了地理真实、认知规律和几何规律在语音切分中的重要作用；在总结心理学、模式识别、数学形态学和地图学等相关切分理论的基础上，提出了空间信息音位系统以及音位组合规律，为地图符号设计与理解提供了语言学解释；针对地图符号通常在空间信息中表现为属性和形态相结合的特点，提出在超音段音位层次上重点关注以线切分单元——弯曲和复杂面切分单元——弯曲构成的简单面为基本元素的语音高级层次及其结构。

Firstly, working on the data model of temporal-relation, a bitemporal data model on object-relation is proposed in this paper, which may be implemented in current object-relational databases.

首先在现有时态关系数据模型基础上，提出了一种基于对象关系双时态数据模型，而这种数据模型适合于在现有数据库平台上实现；其次，在该模型框架内，讨论了时态对象关系模式与时态关系模式相互间的联系与转换，这也是由时态关系扩充到对象关系的基本要求：再次，分析了时态模型中时态变量复杂语义和相应绑定算法，这是时态数据库能够有效运行的基本课题

Urban function ; basic - nonbasic activities ; factor - analysis ; classification of multiplevariable

城市职能；基本-非基本活动；因子分析；多变量聚类

On the basis of system dynamic, we summed up 3 different patterns between variables, and put forward the theory of partitional modeling.

以系统动力学的基本概念、方法为基础提出了存在于变量之间的3种基本关系模式，并在此基础上提出针对复杂系统的分块建模理论。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了