基本参数

Deeply grasp the relationship between the basic properties, such as p 、 v 、 T during 4 basic process and polytropic process.

熟练掌握 4 种基本过程和多变过程初终态基本状态参数 p 、 v 、 T 之间的关系

To take a contrast,separately introduced several kind of filter circuits,and gave a separately analysis to ripple ratio which used in the commutated circuit and the filter circuit.

作者主要讨论了整流电路和滤波电路的基本工作原理，分别介绍了几种基本的滤波电路以用来作为对比分析，对整流电路和滤波电路的参数脉动系数分别进行了具体的分析。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

In third chapter, firstly, designing a optimal algorithm of VQ with simple evolutionary algorithms which accept codebooks as evolving population, by experiment, proving the availability of evolutionary algorithms and finding the shortages of this algorithm.

绪论部分对相关技术作了充分的回顾，其后的内容如下：第二章首先介绍了矢量量化器设计的基本概念、结构和相关理论，其次介绍了进化算法的基本概念、理论和参数设计。

Simulation results show that the relative-effective error of bridge structure parameter identification is less than 10%, the application of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is feasible, its quantitative message can be put forward for bridge structure condition assessment.

对一连续粱的数值模拟计算表明，在Gauss-Newton法迭代发散的情况下，Levenberg—Marquardt法的识别结果相对误差在10％左右，Levenberg—Marquardt法基本能实现对真实结构参数的识别，为结构进一步的状态评估提供了结构模型最基本的量化信息。

Firstly, we research the Vlasov antenna with reflector mainly. A new method to calculate the radiation of the antenna is founded with Vectorial Theory of Diffraction, and the corresponding program is made. The reflective characters of Vlasov antenna are studied with Moment Methods, and the results show that the total reflected energy is less than 0.25%. The radiation patterns of the antenna are analyzed, and the formulas to estimate the wave beam parameters and to design the antenna are provided. The feasibility of radiating high-order modes by Vlasov antenna is also discussed and verified. The hermetization of the Vlasov antenna is researched and the results show that with such kinds of hermetization the antenna can work under gigawatt level. The design of the mode converter from TEM to TMoi is studied, which is useful when the TEM coaxial mode is radiated by Vlasov antenna. At last, the flared-end Vlasov antenna is also discussed.

在Vlasov天线方面：用矢量绕射理论建立了天线辐射场的计算模型并编写了计算程序，该程序计算结果在主瓣上与实验测量吻合良好，近旁瓣也基本一致；利用矩量法计算了天线的反射系数，表明该天线有较小的反射，总的能量反射小于0.25％；详细分析了天线的辐射特性，给出了天线辐射波束相关参数的估算公式和天线设计公式；进一步研究和论证了Vlasov天线辐射高阶轴对称模的可行性；对天线的密封方式和功率容量进行了讨论，结果表明在不需很大密封罩的情况下可以获得GW级的功率容量；为了用Vlasov天线辐射同轴TEM模，研究了TEM-TM_(01)模式转换器的设计，得到了一些基本规律；最后，介绍和分析了带有锥形喇叭的Vlasov天线。

The basic content and calculational principle of bevel gear blank is introduced in Chapter 3, and a new method is presented to calculate the pitch cone parameters.

在第3章中，介绍了齿坯设计的基本内容和计算原理，并提出了一种节锥面参数计算新方法，论文详细论述了新方法的基本思想和实现步骤，并与其它方法进行了比较，最后给出了计算实例。

Further ,programs can draw some curves after receiving some essential factors of impacting and common parameters of rod and target.

通过输入弹、靶普通参数及碰撞的基本条件，计算程序即可给出各基本参量间的关系曲线。

A floating displacement static analysis model of basic floating part of 2-stage star gear train was presented.

建立星型齿轮传动静力学系统基本浮动构件浮动位移分析的弹簧-质量模型；采用静力学分析的方法，考虑系统的误差、工况条件、构件的弹性变形等条件对系统浮动位移的影响；计算系统基本浮动构件浮动位移；分析系统主要设计参数对各构件浮动位移的影响，为星型齿轮传动系统浮动机构的设计提供依据。

A floating displacement static analysis model of basic floating part of 2-stage star gear train was presented.

摘 要：建立星型齿轮传动静力学系统基本浮动构件浮动位移分析的弹簧-质量模型；采用静力学分析的方法，考虑系统的误差、工况条件、构件的弹性变形等条件对系统浮动位移的影响；计算系统基本浮动构件浮动位移；分析系统主要设计参数对各构件浮动位移的影响，为星型齿轮传动系统浮动机构的设计提供依据。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。