基本力

And this paper assumes that resisting power is accordwith parabola, gets all arch as basic configuration, gets formulation from the condition that therelative corner , horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of vault section iszero,adds deformation condition of maximum resisting power and zero resisting power, solvesequation group to get the internal force of lining . And lining internal force computing methodunder bias load based on assumed resisting power method is formulized.

本文假定弹性抗力按二次抛物线分布，取全拱为基本结构，由拱顶截面的相对转角、相对水平位移和相对垂直位移为零的条件列出变形协调方程，再增加最大弹性抗力处的变形协调条件和弹性抗力为零处径向位移为零的变形协调条件，解方程组求解得出衬砌结构的弹性抗力分布及内力。

Finally, based on the fundamental solutions of Biots consolidation of transversely isotropic saturated multi-layered soils, the Fredholm integral equation of second kind for the interaction between transversely isotropic saturated multi-layered soils and rectangular piles is established, the relevant numerical analysis is also carried out.

最后，基于横观各向同性层状饱和地基Biot固结问题的基本解答，建立了横观各向同性层状饱和地基与方形单桩、群桩共同作用问题的第二类Fredholm积分方程，并进行了数值分析与计算；通过将矩形刚性基础基底划分成若干个大小相等的矩形网格，用矩形均布荷载表示网格的基底反力，并利用已获得的横观各向同性层状饱和地基Biot固结问题的基本解来求解每个矩形网格的柔度系数，然后根据刚性基础与层状饱和地基的接触条件和其本身的静力平衡条件，求解分析了横观各向同性层状饱和地基与刚性矩形板的共同作用问题。

Considering that body forces and surface forces were both non-conservative force, the quasi-Hamilton principle and the quasi-complementary Hamilton principle of non-conservative elasto-dynamics systems were established.

按照广义力和广义位移之间的对应关系，将弹性动力学的基本方程乘上相应的虚量，然后积分，代数相加，并考虑到体积力和面积力均为非保守力，建立了非保守弹性动力学系统的拟Hamilton原理和拟余Hamilton原理。

And then, according the FEM numerical simulation result, the coefficient value of the modified model is made sure. Moreover, the transform characteristic of section is analyzed, the dynamic change process of rolling-force, stress and strain is reappeared and the variety regulation is analyzed. Through the contrast the variety regulation between the simulation and the spot-line measurement, the conclusion that the datum are matched basically is obtained.

并且，分析了连轧无缝钢管截面的变形特点及轧制力和应力应变的变化规律，重现了轧制力和应力应变的动态变化过程，对比了有限元数值模拟的轧制力与现场实测的轧制力，得到了两者的变化规律基本相符的结论，证实了显式动力学有限元法作为连轧无缝钢管的研究方法的可行性。

Firstly, this dissertation carries out bionic research on the motion of fish body and caudal fin of Thunmiform swimmers in one-dimensional steady swimming for the purpose of establishing kinematic model of underwater propulsor of Thunmiform. This paper also presents the kinematic parameters which describe the motion of fish body and caudal fin, the fundamental approach to getting the propulsion force and the factors related to the propulsion force and efficiency.

首先，从建立仿鲹科加新月形尾鳍推进模式水下推进器运动学模型的目的出发，对采用鲹科加新月形尾鳍推进模式的鱼类在一维稳态游动情况下的身体以及尾鳍的运动进行了仿生学研究，研究了推进运动的基本特征，给出了身体及尾鳍的运动状态、描述其运动的运动学参数、推进力产生的基本途径以及与推进力和推进效率有关的因素，从而为仿鱼水下推进器运动学建模与仿真提供了仿生学基础。

From the basic formula of coulomb force and ampere force,together with the concept of electric stress tensor , the mathematic formula of electric force and magnetic force is deduced in this article.

从库仑力和安培力的基本公式出发，引用电应力张量和磁应力张量的概念，导出计算电场力和磁场力的简单数学表示式。

The ratio of the vertical load distributed between the arch rib and the tie beam of the two schemes is the same. For the integral girder deck scheme, the longitudinal beams and the deck slab of endure more axial force compared to the ballast girder deck scheme, especially to the deck slab with a conspicuous increase of the axial force and higher stress, and the tie beam endure less. The force-bearing characteristics of the cross beams under the integral girder deck scheme is obviously better than that of the ballast girder deck scheme, especially at the two ends of each cross beam.

在受力上，与道碴板桥面方案相比，整体桥面方案竖向荷载在拱肋和系梁之间的分配基本相同，混凝土板和纵梁分担的纵向力则相对更大，尤其是混凝土板，增幅较明显，应力水平整体较高，系梁分担的纵向力则得到减小，横梁的受力状况整体桥面方案明显优于道碴板桥面方案，特别是在梁端处。

Dynamic cutting force is a basic parameter and it directly influences relative displacement between tool and workpiece, tool wear and surface quality in turning operation. Therefore, simulation model of dynamic cutting force is an important part of machining physical simulation research. Cutting force models commonly used are empiristic equations. These equations are often based on statistical analysis of machining data, obtained via changing one or more machining parameters, whilst fixing others. But a complete turning process and nature of force can not be accurately described by means of these models.

动态切削力是切削加工过程中的基本参数，其动态变化直接影响加工过程中刀具与工件的相对位移、刀具磨损和表面加工质量等，因此动态切削力的预测仿真建模是切削过程物理仿真研究的基础，但是目前大多使用经验公式描述动态切削力，这些经验公式多少存在一些不足，难以完全真实地反映在整个切削过程中力的变化历程和变化特点。

The results are shown as below.1 Tectono-thermal evolution: The history of the Songliao basin is divides into four stages, high-temperature doming and extension, high-temperature rifting, low-temperature depression, and low-temperature shrinkage. Numerical simulation of mechanical process shows that the basin appeared in the early- to late- Jurassic as a result of rapid low-angle subduction of the Pacific plate towards the northwest, of movement of the Siberian block towards the southeast, of many other influences such as internal thermal stress in the mantle, gravitational force, stress of phase transition, etc. Both the Pacific plate and the Siberian block slowed down in the early Cretaceous, and almost stopped in the middle Cretaceous with the rapid decrease of abnormal heat in the mantle below.

盆地构造热演化力源机制数值模拟研究表明：早、中侏罗世至晚侏罗世晚期，盆地演化主要是太平洋块体向北西方向以低角度快速俯冲和西伯利亚块体向东南俯冲共同作用的结果，同时也与地幔内部热力、重力、相变力以及地球自转及公转速度变化效应和上覆块体绝对运动的作用有关；早白垩世早期至早白垩世中期，来自东部太平洋块体俯冲作用的减弱，而这一时期影响盆地演化的主要力源是地幔内部热力、重力、相变力以及地球自转及公转速度变化效应和来自西伯利亚块体俯冲作用；进入早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世早期，由于双重俯冲带中西侧俯冲作用带基本停止活动，而本区地幔热能的快速衰减则控制盆地的构造热演化；晚白垩世晚期以后，太平洋块体活动加强和地幔热运动是影响盆地演化的主要动力。

Thirdly, geometry and mechanics equation on arbitrary point of the mooring line is deduced based on the catenary's theory . By using B-Spline functions the relationship curve between excursion and mooring force can be obtained, so the mooring force on buoy during the motion is known.

另外，本文应用数学物理的悬链基本方程，推导出平衡悬链上的任意点的几何、力学计算方程，给出了链型静力平衡判别式，还建立了锚链松弛和张紧状态下锚链顶端位移与水平力及垂向力之间关系的分析程序，通过B样条函数方法拟合不出同吃水情况下物体的水平漂移量与锚链拉力之间的关系曲线，从而在时域计算中可以得到锚链力的大小。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。