基因型

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

Solenopsis invicta ; Gp-9 gene ; monogyne ; polygyne ; social form

红火蚁； Gp-9基因；单后型；多后型；社会型

Comparison on Fluorescence-PCR and Multiplex-PCR Method for Hepatitis B Virous Genotyping

比较荧光PCR和型特异性引物 PCR两种乙肝病毒基因分型方法，确立适合大规模流行病学调查和临床使用的HBV分型方法。

It is in urgent need of excogitating new HBV vaccines and searching for effective therapeutic methods since there is no panacea for chronic HBV infection to date.

迄今为止，慢性乙型肝炎的治疗仍无良策，因此，研制新型HBV疫苗和寻求有效的治疗乙型肝炎的手段迫在眉睫。2型重组腺相关病毒(adeno-associated vires type 2，rAAV-2)作为一种大有希望的基因转移载体，因能有效转导多种组织和细胞而引起了人们的高度重视。

The results shown the workflow can successfully find the IRES of Enterovirus genus.

首先测试在四个已知具有IRES的病毒全基因中寻找长度为205个碱基的肠病毒71型IRES Domain IV，被搜寻的目标包含肠病毒71型、牛肠病毒、鼻病毒以及C型肝炎病毒，结果显示这样的设计能够找到肠病毒属IRES序列的位置。

The gene typings of the bacterial from lower respiratory tract secretion and gastric aspirates were taken by plasmial profile analysis,restriction andonuclease fingerprint analysis and Genome Macrorestriction Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis in the same phenotype bacteria.

以气管切开或插管患者为研究对象，用防污染标本刷采集标本，由细菌表型分型，直至质粒DNA图谱、酶切图谱、全基因组DNA稀有位点酶切脉冲电场电泳（genome macrorestriction pulsed field gel electrophosresis， GM PFGE）等基因分型方法，前瞻性观察NP的发生情况。

Methods Using the well-conserved regions of the DNA polymerase gene in human herpesviruses,we synthesized two pairs of primer,including one pair of primer designed to amplify herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2,Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus,another pair of primer to varicella-zoster virus and human herpesvirus 6 by PCR.

2 0 0 2年 1～ 12月浙江大学儿童医院在疱疹类病毒高度同源序列DNA多聚酶基因中设计两对通用引物，该引物能同时扩增单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型、爱泼斯坦—马尔病毒、人巨细胞病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒和人类疱疹病毒 6型(HHV6) 6种病毒。

The N-terminus of the ZNF394 coding region has a well-conserved Kruppel-associated box domain and adjacent to an ami no-terminal SCAN domain (or leucine-rich region), whereas the C-terminus contains 7 CsHz zinc finger motifs in tandem arrays with the highly conserved space region of the H/C-link.

该基因在N端含有一个高度保守的SCAN型结构域，相邻一个KRAB框型结构域，并且在其c端具有非常保守空间的7个连续的C2H2型锌指结构单元，通过对人类成体组织进行Northern杂交，得到一个大约为2。

VNTR strain typing was suitable to trace the short chain of transmission in both small area and intra-families.

结论无论从家庭内或较小区域内收集菌株的分型结果显示，VNTR基因分型适合麻风菌分型和短传播链的研究。

According literature above,its considerd that the former is proper to be interpreted by means of multiple alleles hypothesis,and the fertility heredity of the latter is appropriate to be interpreted using inhibition.

根据大白菜及其近缘芸薹属作物核不育材料育成的纯合两型系和杂合两型系可育株间互交F~1|可育株自交，其子代可能出现无育性分离情况或者产生13∶3两种表型的育性比资料，认为前者宜用复等位基因假说解释，而后者用抑制作用解释为妥。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。