基因型

Nigra, B. oleracea and B. carinata belonged to class 2A according to the classification of karyotypes by Stebbins (1971). According to Levitzky's and Stebbin's view, the more asymmetric karyotype a species has, the more evolved it is. Therefore, B. campestris is the furthest evolved species among the elementary species, and B. juncea and B. napus the furthest among the amphidiploid species. Compared with the previous reports, there is no any cytoplasm in the chromosome sample prepared using this protocol which is very useful for the karyotype analysis, as well as the FISH research on Brassica species.

对上述研究结果分析表明：（1）芸薹属复合种是由基本种相互杂交而成；（2）B基因组与A或与C基因组亲缘关系较远，而A和C基因组亲缘关系较近；（3）芸薹属复合种在演化过程中，发生了染色体结构上的重排现象；（4）芸薹属复合种演化过程中，rRNA基因位点发生了减少；所获结果与国外同类报道相比表明：国内的白菜型油菜存在新的rRNA基因位点，即rRNA基因在芸薹属同一物种不同的品种间具有多态性；有关这类研究国内尚未见报道。

The results showed that the hereditary mode of handedness or preferential foot or hand-clasping is the dominant heredity of single gene of autosome,and the right type of all of them is the dominant character.

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传，R型为显性性状。

The gene targeted mice are commonly produced by breeding the heterozygous targeted mice following microinjecting the homologous recombinant ES cells into the blastocoele cavity of 3.5dpc embryos at the blastocyst stage to give birth to chimeric mice.

传统基因敲除获得某一突变基因的纯合体动物首先要利用打靶胚胎干细胞获得嵌合体动物；随后用嵌合体动物与野生型个体交配得到突变基因的杂合体动物；最后才能通过杂合体动物之间的交配来生产纯合体动物。

The Chinese annotations includes gene names, chromosome map, cellular component, molecular function, biological process, and morbids.

2006年8月，《人类基因功能手册》，约120万字，收录人类基因3.9万个，中文注解包括基因名称、染色体定位、细胞定位、分子活性、参与过程、表型病变等。

In present study, we discussed the effects of cell microfilament on the activity of collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene (COL1A1) promoter under microgravity simulated by clinostat and/or cytochalasin B as microfilament depolymerizer in the established EGFP-ROS cell line using the method of fluorescence semi-quantitative analysis and the fluorescent stain of microfilament.

但微重力对相关基因调控的影响知之甚少，本研究以构建的基因工程细胞株为对象，以回转器模拟微重力效应，利用增强型绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescence protein，EGFP）荧光半定量和细胞微丝荧光染色分析技术，探讨回转模拟微重力条件下，细胞微丝系统对I型胶原α1链基因（collagen type I alpha chain 1，COL1A1）启动子活性的影响。

Forced expression of fez induces ectopic expression of dlx2 and dlx6, two genes involved in brain development.

通过显微注射含有Fez基因的DNA或mRNA使该基因在野生型斑马鱼胚胎中超表达，可以诱导两个与脊椎动物前脑发育相关的基因dlx2和dlx6发生提前和异位的表达。

The data of hui ethnic group were generated through co amplification, genescan, genotyping, and genetic distribution analysis.

每个基因座的引物分别用fam，hex或tamra荧光标记，通过复合扩增、基因扫描、基因分型和遗传多态性分析获得数据。

Homozygosity for a haplotype that was identical by descent between two of the affected individuals identified a locus for the disease gene within a 17.4 Mb interval on chromosome 15, a region containing 296 genes.

对两个受累个体完全相同的遗传单倍型纯合性分析发现，疾病基因的基因座在第15号染色体17.4 Mb的区间内，该区域包含296个基因。

The gene regulating sequence of human collagen type Ⅰ is located at 5'end and first intron. The carriers of reporting gene was made, and the function of promoter, enhancer and inhibiter was examined in this study. On the basis of above work, MBP ectopic expression carriers were further built. The result laid a foundation for investigating the feasibility, and validity to specially express MBP gene of human nervous system, in tendon fibroblast.

人Ⅰ型胶原基因调节序列位于5'端和第一内含子，本研究构建了带报告基因的载体并检测了其启动子，增强子和减弱子的功能，以此为基础，进一步构建了MBP异位表达载体，为探索在神经系统少突胶质细胞特异表达的人脑髓鞘碱性蛋白MBP基因转至肌腱成纤维细胞表达的可行性和有效性奠定了基础。

According to the domain organization, the GGDEF-EAL containing proteins (pfam database, version 17.0) were classified into A and B types. Six hundreds and five of the 621 proteins were in A type, which was also found in the ancient bacteria Aquifex aeolicus VF5 suggesting that this is the ancestor of the GGDEF-EAL proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of GGDEF- and EAL- containing proteins in the genome of V. vulnificus YJ016 revealed that GGDEF-EAL proteins were clustered. Comparative analysis of domain organization of the clads in the EAL tree allowed identification of several duplication events. The results indicated that most of the GGDEF- and EAL- containing proteins arised by gene duplication.

根据pfam资料库(Version 17.0)，我们整理同时拥有GGDEF和EAL功能性区域的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以被区分成两种型态，在总数621个GGDEF-EAL中有高达606个是A型态，而且它在古老的细菌Aquifex aeolicus VF5的基因体中也能找到，因此我们推测它可能是GGDEF-EAL的袓先，藉由分析创伤弧菌中所包含之GGDEF和EAL的演化关系，大部份的GGDEF-EAL会群聚在树型相近的位置，进一步比较在EAL树型上有邻近关系的蛋白质序列，根据他们的长度、与所包含的功能区域，我们找到了一些重制的演化痕迹，这样的结果指出，目前看到大多数的GGDEF 和EAL可能都是经过重制产生。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。