基因内区

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

BACKGROUND: Preliminary study shows that the FHL1 gene expression is down-regulated in muscle tissue of patients with clubfoot, and the gel retardation experiments have verified HOXD13 and FHL1 gene promoter region transcription factor predicted binding sites in vitro, but the experimental results are not enough to truly reflect in vivo transcriptional regulatory protein and DNA binding conditions.

摘要背景：前期研究表明，在马蹄内翻足患者肌肉组织中存在FHL1基因表达下调，并利用凝胶阻滞实验在体外初步验证了HOXD13和FHL1基因启动子区转录因子预测位点的结合作用，但凝胶阻滞实验结果不一定能真实地反映体内转录调控蛋白和DNA结合的状况。

2 STR-PCR We analysed the results of STR with the silver dye in the beginning. The silver dye of STR analysis on a sporadic DMD family shows the band confirmation is subjective by eyeballing. It can not detect the small repeats and the size of polymorphic fragments. For limitation of the silver dye, we analysed the band size of STR with the SAGAGT Genotyping System. Primer are designed according to the nucleotide sequence of five STR markers (located in 5' terminus and intron 44, 45, 49, 50) of dystrophin gene. The 5' end of the forward primer are attached a M13 tailed primer which conjugated to the infrared flourescent dye.

根据dystrophin基因5个多态位点（44、45、49和50号内含子以及5'端启动子区的序列）设计引物，在这些STR的上游引物5'端加一可被红外线荧光物质IRDye700识别标记的M13fw的尾：CAC GACGTT GTA AAA CGA C 通过PCR扩增出重复序列本身，经高分辨率的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后，利用红外激光遗传分析系统及SAGA〓基因分型软件对凝胶上的扩增产物及内标的位置，进行扫描分析，确定产物片段的大小。

We isolated SsNHX1 from halophyte S. salsa and transformed into Arabidopsis. Gene engineering base on reduce Na〓 content in cytoplasm creates a new approach to plant salt tolerance.

甜土植物拟南芥胞内控制离子区隔化基因AtNHX1及Na〓外排的基因SOS1均已克隆，并且AtNHX1在拟南芥中的过量表达显著提高了转基因植株的耐盐性，开创了降低Na〓毒害的基因操作新途径。

RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of COL1A1 mRNA in 20 patients with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus.

采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测20例单纯性马蹄内翻足患儿下肢肌肉及肌腱组织中COL1A1基因mRNA的表达，根据COL1A1基因转录调控区-1 031 bp~+30 bp及第1内含子的序列，设计8对引物， PCR扩增后，采用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术筛查突变并测序。

In the present study changes of NOS positive cells after injection of LPS and apoptotic ependymal cells, the relationship between expression of immediate early gene c-fos and astrocytes, and comparison of changes between SFO and rest regions of the brain in different time-points were investigated with NADPH-d histochemistry, apoptosis in SITU detection of TUNEL, TEM and SEM, fluorescein double labeling of immunohistochemistry, and laser scanning confocal microscope .

为了证实穹窿下器在脑内免疫调节系统中的作用，在本研究当中，应用了NADPH-d的组化方法、TUNEL末端标记法、扫描及透射电镜方法、免疫组织化学的荧光双标法及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术，来研究在腹腔内给予大肠杆菌内毒素后，脑内的一氧化氮合酶细胞的变化、室管膜细胞的凋亡、早期即刻基因c-fos的表达与星形胶质细胞之间的关系，以及穹窿下器与其它脑区相比较时的特异性改变。

In the present study changes of NOS positive cells after injection of LPS and apoptotic ependymal cells, the relationship between expression of immediate early gene c-fos and astrocytes, and comparison of changes between SFO and rest regions of the brain in different time-points were investigated with NADPH-d histochemistry, apoptosis in SITU detection of TUNEL, TEM and SEM, fluorescein double labeling of immunohistochemistry, and laser scanning confocal microscope.

为了证实穹窿下器在脑内免疫调节系统中的作用，在本研究当中，应用了NADPH刁的组化方法、TUNEL末端标记法、扫描及透射电镜方法、免疫组织化学的荧光双标法及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术，来研究在腹腔内给予大肠杆菌内毒素后，脑内的一氧化氮合酶细胞的变化、室管膜细胞的凋亡、早期即刻基因（immediate early genes沁－fos的表达与星形胶质细胞之间的关系，以及穹窿下器与其它脑区相比较时的特异性改变。

1,After transfected the mutated mtDNA of colorectal carcinoma,the mtDNA D-loop region of the transfected cells displays new mutation points.2,The external source pieces of the mutated mtDNA can integrate to nuclear genome after transfection.3,There's no differences in apoptosis between combinations after transfected the mutation of mtDNA in NIH3T3 and LST cells.4,The mutated mtDNA may affect the action mechanism of occurrence and development in colorectal carcinoma through affecting its mtDNA mutation or integrating exogenetic mtDNA to its nuclear which may cause the abnormal expression of oncogene or anti-oncogene.

（1）转染突变的大肠癌细胞mtDNA后转染细胞的mtDNA均可发生多处的突变位点。（2）通过转染后突变的外源性的mtDNA可以整合到核基因组内。（3）突变的mtDNA转染LST细胞及NIH3T3细胞后，不影响转染细胞的凋亡改变。（4）mtDNA的突变可能通过影响体细胞mtDNA的突变和通过外源性mtDNA在核内的整合从而影响癌基因或抑癌基因的表达异常，从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。线粒体DNA；D―环区；突变；质粒；pcDNA3.1；转染

Therefore, the LsHNXs genes were cloned in this study, and their function was studied by RNAi. The main results were shown as follows:1 The conservative sequences of three LsHNXs genes (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3), and the 3'-terminal specific sequences of LsHNX2 and LsHNX3, were cloned by RT-PCR and 3'-RACE.2 The plant RNAi vectors were constructed and the transformation of Limonium sinense was done. The RNAi lines of three single-genes and one double-gene were obtained and were propogated rapidly for the molecular and the stress tolerance analysis.3 To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX1 transgenic plants were remarkably higher.

主要实验结果如下：1采用RT-PCR和3'-RACE方法从补血草中克隆获得LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的保守区序列以及LsNHX2和LsNHX3的3'端特异序列。2构建植物基因RNAi沉默表达载体并转化补血草，获得三个单基因和一个双基因的RNAi沉默表达植株，快繁转基因植株供分子鉴定和耐逆分析。3LsNHX1转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+、K+离子含量比野生型对照显著增加；叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高，但差异不显著；K+/Na+比没有显著差异。4LsNHX2转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照有所下降，但差异不显著；K+离子含量比对照显著降低。

Result: 1. The situation of HIV infection in gastro-mucosal tissues:(1) Our study found HIV gag sequence in not only CD4~+ T cells but also mucosalepithelial cells, gland epithelial cells in lamina propria and spindle stromal cells;(2) HIV p24 was expressed in T cells, plasmocyte, and a few mucosa epithelial cells, gland epithelial cellls and dell epithelial cellls.

结果：1.HIV在胃黏膜中的感染状况：(1)HIV感染者胃黏膜内HIVgag区基因不仅见于CD4~+T细胞等免疫细胞中，少数胃黏膜上皮、腺上皮、小凹内上皮细胞和间质梭形细胞中亦有阳性杂交信号；(2)HIV感染者尸检胃黏膜内HIVp24蛋白于T细胞、浆细胞及少部分胃黏膜黏膜上皮、腺上皮及小凹上皮细胞中呈阳性表达。2。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。