基体

There are many heaves and concaves which can be observed on the surface of the layer, and so they make the surface of the layer rough. The surface of the layer is rich in Ti, but gradually the Ti decreases. It shows that The combine of the layer with the base is good, which result from the heat diffusing and chemical metallurgy reaction.

涂层表面由许多凸起和凹坑组成，表面稍粗糙，这是脉冲放电的工艺特点决定；涂层内部Ti元素由表层至与基体界面处呈梯度分布，并且Ti元素也渗入基体一定深度，说明结合良好，为冶金反应和热扩散的结果。

Approaches of increasing wearability of materials under sand slurry wear condition were to reduce the micro-cutting of matrix structure and cut down the desquamating of carbide particles.

提出了在泥沙磨损条件下提高材料耐磨性的途径：一方面是如何减少基体组织的显微切削磨损；另一方面是如何使碳化物不易脱落，更好地起到保护基体的作用。

The left and right regions of forming limit diagram were calculated and analyzed for the electrodeposited nickel coating.

计算结果表明电沉积镍涂层钢板的成形极限介于母材镍涂层与母材基体钢板的成形极限之间，并非常接近基体钢板的成形极限。

The experimental results suggest that the bonding strength of nickel-lanthanum electrodeposits is higher than that of bright nickel.

实验结果，镍－镧镀层与基体的结合强度高于亮镍镀层与基体的结合强度。

The fatigue propagation of surface cracks on overlay of hydrogenation reactor is seriously imperiling the safe run of hydrogenation reactor. It is attracted attention of engineering fields that a surface crack on overlay is able to either stop at the interface of overlay and base material or growth to base material under fatigue load.

热壁加氢反应器堆焊层表面裂纹的扩展严重威胁设备的安全运行，在疲劳载荷作用下堆焊层表面裂纹是否能穿过堆焊层与基体的交界面而向基体扩展的问题，受到工程界的高度关注。

The results show that the matrix of the coating is Cu-base solid solution, and the main reinforcing phase is laves phases which show a dispersion distribution character.

结果表明，涂层的基体相为铜基固溶体，强化相主要为呈弥散分布的Laves相。

Top sintering material preheats for a short time、sinter at lower temperature、cools too fast and has low crystallinity, especially, network SFCA offorms difficultly in the top layer, that results in high ratio of pore, so the strength of top sinter is low. when thickness of sintering material is increased, the ratio of top sinter will be decreased, in its entirety, the strength of sinter will rise.

5烧结矿破碎属脆性断裂，一般在单轴压缩应力下受剪切产生，本文基于低氟烧结矿物质组成，导出了基体抗压强度与烧结矿物质组成的关系式，由此得出，基体抗压强度受磁铁矿影响不大，而受铁酸钙影响较为显著。

In the coating, the nodular defect was observed to worsen severely the properties. For testing under oxidation condition, the nodular defect results in the internal oxidation of Al. No single Al oxide scale may be formed at 1100℃ owing to consumption of Al. Under hot corrosion, it becomes as short-path for diffusion of S through the coating, thus sulphuring the coating together with the substrate. During thermal shock testing, it may act as the source of cracking, and moreover, if cyclic stress applied, the cracks propagate toward the substrate, the thermal fatigue properties of coating will be worsened.

结果表明：在氧化条件下，缺陷导致Al的内氧化，在1100℃时，由于Al的大量内消耗，涂层表面已不能形成单一的氧化铝膜，使氧化性能下降；在热腐蚀条件下，缺陷成为硫向涂层中扩散的通道，导致涂层及基体的硫化；在冷热疲劳条件下，缺陷成为裂纹源，在交变应力作用下，裂纹向基体中扩展，降低了涂层的热疲劳性能。

After heat treatment for 25h and 50h in air, the r phase showed an anisotropy on XRD pattern. The molar fraction of the r " phase formed at the interface between the substrate and the bond coat was calculated and the profile of composition of all elements was modeled after considering the change of heat treatment temperature and time.

多元合金的基体和热障涂层的扩散和界面反应，用相平衡热力学Thermo一ca1C和相变动力学D工CTRA软件对基体/底层界面Y'相的摩尔分数以及整个试样中各元素的成份分布随温度和时间的变化进行计算，计算结果与实验结果有很好的吻合。

In this modified model, the effect of the stress concentration on the end stress in the fiber end region is considered, the average matrix strain is used to substitute for the so-called far field strain in the previous shear lag model. The change of the deformation states from elasticity to plasticity is considered and the interfacial shear stress and fiber axial stress are derived.

修正的模型合理考虑了纤维根区域应力集中对根应力的影响；用基体平均应变代替了经典剪切滞后模型中的远场应变；考虑了基体变形状态从弹性到塑性的变化，给出了塑性区上的表面剪切应力和纤维轴向应力的表达式。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。