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First, mathematical foundation of synchronization, i.e. the theory of parameter estimation is introduced. Then, DA/DD or NDA timing synchronization methods based on the ML estimation of timing parameter are presented. They are all widely applied in actual digital communication systems. Interpolation theory in digital signal processing has application in timing synchronization, which makes the sampling clock independent of the timing control so that timing adjustment is realized completely through digital disposal. The issue of interpolation in timing synchronization is discussed.

首先，介绍了定时同步实现的数学基础，即信号参数估计理论；从定时参数的最大似然估计出发，介绍了基于数据辅助的定时同步方法和基于非数据辅助的定时同步方法，他们在实际的数字通信系统中均有广泛应用；论文探讨了数字信号处理中插值理论在定时同步中的应用，它使得接收端的采样时钟独立于定时控制，定时调整完全通过数字处理方法得以实现。

Then, the concept of error index for a given mode and the concept of damage indicator for all available modes were deduced.

摘 要：本文基于模态应变能的概念，给出了基于前两阶振型模态参数的结构损伤定位方法。

Finally, the text classifier based on the relevance of index word is devised.(3) After analyzing the foundation of various information retrieval models, the thesis put forward a new information retrieval model, which based on the field theory.

在此基础上通过对核心标引词相关度的加权，实现了基于标引词相关度的文本分类；(3)在分析了各种信息检索模型的基础上，提出了一种新的信息检索模型——基于场论的信息检索模型。

Corporate governance, together with management, technology and enterprise culture determine listed corporation competitive power, by way of mutual influence.This paper further studies each driving factor of listed corporation competitive power and sets up evaluation indicator system for listed corporation competitive power. Then, this paper chooses objective method of weighting based on coefficient of variability of indicant and subjective method of weighting based on AHP and adopts comprehensive index evaluation method to construct index model of listed corporation competitive power.

本文进一步对上市公司竞争力的每一个驱动因素进行了深入研究，建立了上市公司竞争力评价指标体系；然后，在详细梳理学者对企业竞争力进行评价的方法的基础上，确定了基于标志变异系数的客观权重法与基于AHP的主观权重法相(来源：A5dB2c2cC论文网www.abclunwen.com)结合的综合评价方法，利用综合指数法构建了上市公司竞争力指数模型。

Finally, it analyses the time complexity of the algorithm and researches how it is influenced by culture operator.3、The paper presents the evaluation standard of the GA's application capability. Basing on characters such as continuity, multi-peak, vibration, randomicity as well as large-scale, five functions are selected to test search ability and robustcity of co-evolution algorithm. Finally, it analyses the simulation result and researches the influence of algorithm brought by culture operators.4、Basing on the concept of collection overcast, it researches the task distribution issue and constitutes delaminated math model on task distribution issue. It puts out the co-evolution algorithm of subtask's decomposing. The experiment compare IGA、SGA to CN and validates the efficiency of co-evolution algorithm on the NP completeness issue.5、Being aim at the optimization issue of load of antenna near ground, it combines many GA strategies and puts forward strategic meme. And it puts out co-evolution algorithm of load of antenna design. And it emulates the optimization design of load of antenna near ground. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the continuum search issues of multi-variable and multi-peak value.6、Being aiming at the knowledge of image model matching, it adopts single meme and real code. It puts out fast co-evolution matching algorithm strategy. Basing on NPROD resemble measurement, I emulate the indiscrimination model matching and discrimination model matching. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the real code and real time search issue.

分析了算法的时间复杂度，研究了文化算子对算法时间复杂度的影响。3、提出了GA的应用性能评价标准，从连续性、多峰性、随机性、振荡性、广域性多个角度出发选择五个测试函数，对共同进化算法的搜索性能和鲁棒性作了函数优化的性能测试，分析了仿真结果，研究了文化算子对算法的影响。4、基于集覆盖的概念，研究了MAS中的任务分配问题，建立了任务分配问题的分层数学模型，给出了子任务分解共同进化算法，实验比较了IGA、SGA、CN，验证了共同进化算法对NP完全问题的有效性。5、针对近地天线加载优化设计问题，结合多种改进GA策略，提出了策略型拟子，给出天线加载设计的共同进化算法，对有耗半空间对称偶极子天线加载优化设计作了仿真实验，验证了共同进化算法对多变量多峰连续搜索问题上的有效性。6、针对图像模板匹配问题的领域知识，采用单类拟子和实数编码，给出快速共同进化匹配算法策略，基于NPROD相似度测度，仿真试验了无差别和有差别模板匹配，验证了共同进化算法对实数编码和实时性搜索问题上的有效性。

It is superior to the detection system with induction coil in aspect of function and maintainability, and the cost is less than DSP-based system.

在功能、安装及可维护性方面优于基于感应线圈的检测系统，在成本方面优于基于DSP的视频检测系统。

And a rule induction algorithm based on ensemble learning named C4. 5Rule-PANE are proposed.

2提出了一种基于集成学习的决策树学习算法NeC4.5和一种基于集成学习的规则归纳学习算法C4.5Rule-PANE。

According to the characteristic of tight correlation between memory overrun and loop induction variable arithmetic,extended algebra for chains of recurrences is combined with detection methods based on symbolic execution,for the first time,to design defect detection guide information as to multi-loop,while locality characteristic of software updates and their impact is used.

针对内存访问越界缺陷与循环归纳变量运算紧密关联的特点，首次将递推链扩展代数与符号执行类缺陷检测方法相结合，设计了面向多重循环的缺陷检测指导信息，同时利用软件更新影响的局部性特点，实现了基于路径指导的定向检测和基于更新影响的增量检测。

There exist many problems in present investment decision-making of real estate development based on real options,such as great errors of the existing methods,inexactness of pricing investment decision-making etc.A model for real options in real estate development investment decision-making based on artificial neural network is discussed.This model is realized by Matlab6.5 programming.

通过对房地产项目的特性分析，阐述了当前基于实物期权的房地产投资决策中存在的方法误差大、投资决策定价不准确等问题；探讨了一种基于人工神经网络的房地产开发投资决策实物期权定价模型，并通过M atlab6.5编程实现。

Chapter 4,based on strong efficiency rather than efficiency or weak effi-ciency,discusses the similar problem to chapter 3.The concepts of strongsupremum and strong infimum for the set in finite-dimensionalEuclidean space are given,s-conjugate functions and s-subdifferentials theory is developed,by means of which,the duality problem ofmulitobjectivre programming for strong efficient solutions or called absoluteoptimal solutions is analysed,and a new duality theory-s-conjugateduality theory is proposed.

第四章，基于强有效性而不是有效性和弱有效性，给出了类似于第三章的结果，提出了有限维欧氏空间中集合的强上、下确界等概念，研究了点集映象的强共轭函数和强次微分问题，建立了点集映象的s-共轭函数及其s-次微分理论，并借助于这一理论，讨论了多目标规划关于绝对最优解或称强有效解的对偶性问题，建立了基于强有效性的s-共轭对偶理论。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

An authentic Maui wedding might require the services of a 'kahu', which is a Hawaiian minister.

毛伊可能需要一个真实婚礼服务'kahu'，这是夏威夷部长。