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The analysis model of grouped-metadata may construct based on coupling information of variables and methods inside component. According to formal component couping testing criteria description, coupling relationship among methods inside component is decribed using component methods coupling graph. And DU table is further constructed, which includes definition and definition information of component method. Then observation mechanism based on observation–points is introduced in order to increase the observability of component. An implementation framework of testable component is constructed bansed on coupling information.

分层描述性元数据中的分析模型基于构件内变量和方法之间的耦合信息来构造，根据形式化的构件耦合测试准则描述，使用构件方法耦合图的概念描述构件中方法之间的耦合关系，进而构造包含构件内定义和使用信息的DU表，并引入旨在提高构件可观察性的基于观察点的监控机制，构造一个基于构件耦合信息的可测试构件的总体实现框架。

Then, safety analysis method was constituted considered the typical damage of concrete beam bridge. 5. By amending the reduction rate of loading capacity used in Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culvers (JTG H11-2004), a new reliable index is presented in the same safety standard to reflect the relation between load and resistance. According to the basic principal of calibration method, the recommended gradation index was computed under various factors such as different load combinations, vehicle operating status and different failure modes. With these calculated numerical values, the calculated reliability indexes standard for the estimation of safety degree of in-service concrete girder bridge members was ultimately obtained.6. Based on the related standards and results on crack and displacement that cannot continue to loading at home and abroad, the evaluation grade of the concrete beam bridge is proposed by analogy.

针对材料和构件损伤对混凝土梁式桥抗力的影响，基于材料和构件层次典型损伤的修正计算公式，在结构既有以及时变抗力评估的概率模型基础上，通过误差传递公式获得抗力统计参数，对抗力进行修正，构成了考虑混凝土梁式桥典型损伤的安全性分析方法。5、依据校准法原理，将《公路桥涵养护规范》(JTG H11-2004)中不同类别承载力下降率转化为修改分项系数，分别计算了轴心受压、轴心受拉、受弯、大偏心受压、受剪构件在各种情况下的可靠指标，根据破坏类型对校准结果进行分析，提出了基于可靠度的公路混凝土梁式桥安全性评定等级。6、基于不能继续承载的裂缝和位移的相关国内外规范和研究成果分析，通过类比提出了混凝土梁式桥不能继续承载的裂缝和位移评定等级界限。

According to the calibration information, Research and development status of automotive bus network and automotive calibration system is studied and the research significance is generalized. First of all, the collectivity precept for calibration system is designed, the calibration platform is set up based on the XCP Protocol and the calibration object is CAN bus network simulation ECUs. Then how to create the calibration system based on Ethernet and Series communication is expatiated, the communication way from computer to ECUs is introduced and the calibration system is tested. Then how to create the calibration system based on CAN bus communication is expatiated, the design and the interface programme are introduced and the calibration system is tested. At last the platform is used to calibrate the CAN bus network simulation system to regulate the simulation system's topology and communication speed to test the communication protocol's feasibility.

论文首先设计了标定系统的总体方案，以CAN总线实时仿真系统中的节点标定为研究对象，采用XCP协议建立具有串口、以太网和CAN总线三种通讯接口的标定平台；然后，具体开发了基于以太网通讯和基于串口通讯的标定系统，完成了上、下位机部分的软件设计，确定了标定系统在两种通讯方式下的数据处理方法，并分别应用两种标定方式标定下位机仿真系统的参数，让下位机仿真系统在规定的通讯协议和拓扑结构下进行仿真，对所设计的标定系统进行了调试；接着，设计了基于CAN总线通讯的标定系统，完成了CCP协议（&XCP on CAN&）的接口程序设计，并通过混合动力汽车一种拓扑结构的通讯仿真对所设计的系统进行了调试；最后，应用开发的标定系统，对混合动力电动汽车网络通讯协议进行了仿真研究，并根据实验结果进行了分析。

To demodulate the OFDM signals accurately, channel estimation algorithms are adopted. This paper examines the slow-fading estimation algorithms based on block pilot arrangement: LS and LMMSE algorithms, as well as the fast-fading channel estimation algorithms based on comb-type pilot arrangement: linear and transform domain interpolation algorithms.

本文分析了导频分布的两种方案：1块状导频分布，对基于块状导频分布方案的慢衰落信道估计算法：最小平方和线性最小均方误差算法进行了计算机仿真，比较了二者的估计性能，以及各自的优缺点；2梳状导频分布，对基于这种分布方案的快衰落信道估计算法进行了研究，对两类经典算法：线性插值法和基于变换域的插值法分别进行了理论分析和计算机仿真。

Online tuning and relatively light calculation burden due to directly coefficient setting by formula extend this scheme to be used for fast-running process and mechanical equipment, numerical simulation over a wide range of system parameter variation shows that the recommended scheme is superior to both traditional PDF designed by Phelans approach and relay feedback auto-tuning PID in terms of performance behavior.

本文通过基于继电反馈的自整定PDF控制和基于Phelan法的PDF控制及基于继电反馈的自整定PID控制的比较研究，表明所提出的控制方法具有良好的控制效果。

Online tuning and relatively light calculation burden due to directly coefficient setting by formula extend this scheme to be used for fast-running process and mechanical equipment, numerical simulation over a wide range of system parameter variation shows that the recommended scheme is superior to both traditional PDF designed by Phelan's approach and relay feedback auto-tuning PID in terms of performance behavior .

大量的数值仿真试验表明，该自整定PDF控制方法具有良好的控制效果和在线调节性能，具有设计公式简单、相对计算量小的特点，能够应用于快速变化的过程和机械设备中。本文通过基于继电反馈的自整定PDF控制和基于Phelan法的PDF控制及基于继电反馈的自整定PID控制的比较研究，表明所提出的控制方法具有良好的控制效果。

Hardware circuit include process channel module based upon 1-wire, communication module based upon CAN feus, data store module based on I2C bus, human-computer interaction module, I/O extended module and so on.

硬件电路包括基于1-Wire单总线的过程通道模块、基于CAN总线的通信模块、基于I~2C总线的数据处理模块、人机交互模块、I／O口扩展模块等。

The main characteristics of problem-based learning are:(1) Learning is student-centered(2) Learning occurs in small student groups(3) Teachers are facilitators or guiders(4) Problems form the organizing focus and stimulus for learning(5) Problems are authentic and ill-structured(6) Problems are a vehicle for the development of real-world problem-solving skills(7) New information is acquired and skills are trained through problem-solving process(8) Evaluation is authentic and performance-based.

同任何一种教学模式一样，基于问题的学习有着独一无二的优点，但本身也存在一定的不足。受中国传统文化的影响，中国的学生大多胆子太小，缺乏主见和创见，解诀问题的能力相对较差，学生的这些学习特点，从一定程度上阻碍了基于问题学习的具体实施。基于此分析，本文提出了一些适当的解决措施。

The simulation results show that if the plant model is certain the control performance of ENRCC is similar to the exact feedback linearization methods; and on the other hand, if the plant model is uncertain, the robustness and the adaptability of ENRCC is obviously stronger than the latter. Furthermore, the research on dynamic stabilities of HVDC and its control systems are

四、基于ENRC方法研究了交直流并列输电系统非线性调制控制策略，分别给出了基于EFL和基于ESO的非线性调制控制规律，仿真结果显示，ESO方法较EFL方法具有更佳的鲁棒性和适应性。

The failure frequency of FCC and heavy-tailed property based worm detection algorithm is used as the kernel of the detection system.

在分析蠕虫传播机制基础上，基于入侵检测系统Bro的整体框架，以基于FCC(First Contact Connections，第一次连接)失败概率和重尾特性的蠕虫检测算法为核心，设计并实现了基于Bro的蠕虫检测系统。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。