培根哲学的

Francis Bacon wrote a variety of philosophical and literary works, all showing the spirit of the Renaissance.

弗兰西斯培根写了一系列哲学和文学著作，充分体现了文艺复兴运动的精神。

In this respect he diverged from his near-contemporary Francis Bacon, who also proposed a total reform of philosophy, but one based on the experimental method.

在这方面，他偏离了近当代培根，谁也提出了改革的总的哲学，而是一个基于实验的方法。

At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacon\'s Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.

所以本文在这一部分中深入探讨了培根的基本科学研究、具体科学见解和在科学研究中存在的局限性；最后，本文欲对《新工具》中的哲学和科学思想进行评论，较深入地梳理培根对前人的继承和批判、对后世的影响和对今天的启示。

At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacons Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.

所以本文在这一部分中深入探讨了培根的基本科学研究、具体科学见解和在科学研究中存在的局限性；最后，本文欲对《新工具》中的哲学和科学思想进行评论，较深入地梳理培根对前人的继承和批判、对后世的影响和对今天的启示。

In the second part, it is argued that the effect of Novum Organum on the philosophy and science is just as the function of beacon. The thesis in this part systematically introduces Bacon\'s basic and extensive thoughts excluding Baconian Induction, Theory of the Idols and the Empirical Epistemology that people have thoroughly researched; moreover, the mistakes which people have made are corrected and the limitations of the viewpoints of Novum Organum are also focused on. In the third part, Bacon\'s basic and extensive scientific and technological researches are discussed. Regarded to this, the thesis finds that people only paid attention to Bacon\'s view that heat is a motion which Bacon took lots of space in Novum Organum to summarized according to Baconian Induction.

本文总共分为四大部分：首先，分析《新工具》是对亚里斯多德《工具论》的勇敢挑战，并着重论述了培根的政治和文化背景对他的新思想所造成的深刻影响；其次，系统探讨《新工具》在哲学和科学中起到的灯塔作用，本文论述了培根的基本哲学和科学思想及具体应用和反映，但是对前人已深入探讨过的培根式归纳法、四假象说和经验认识论不再论述，同时对前人的一些误读进行澄清，并分析培根的《新工具》在哲学和科学思想方面的局限；再次，对前人很少涉猎的《新工具》中的科学研究方面进行系统论述，本文发现人们基本上仅仅注意到了培根在《新工具》中大篇幅运用培根式归纳法进行举例论证的热动说，而对这本书中其他的科学研究不甚关注。

In the second part, it is argued that the effect of Novum Organum on the philosophy and science is just as the function of beacon. The thesis in this part systematically introduces Bacon"s basic and extensive thoughts excluding Baconian Induction, Theory of the Idols and the Empirical Epistemology that people have thoroughly researched; moreover, the mistakes which people have made are corrected and the limitations of the viewpoints of Novum Organum are also focused on. In the third part, Bacon"s basic and extensive scientific and technological researches are discussed. Regarded to this, the thesis finds that people only paid attention to Bacons view that heat is a motion which Bacon took lots of space in Novum Organum to summarized according to Baconian Induction.

本文总共分为四大部分：首先，分析《新工具》是对亚里斯多德《工具论》的勇敢挑战，并着重论述了培根的政治和文化背景对他的新思想所造成的深刻影响；其次，系统探讨《新工具》在哲学和科学中起到的灯塔作用，本文论述了培根的基本哲学和科学思想及具体应用和反映，但是对前人已深入探讨过的培根式归纳法、四假象说和经验认识论不再论述，同时对前人的一些误读进行澄清，并分析培根的《新工具》在哲学和科学思想方面的局限；再次，对前人很少涉猎的《新工具》中的科学研究方面进行系统论述，本文发现人们基本上仅仅注意到了培根在《新工具》中大篇幅运用培根式归纳法进行举例论证的热动说，而对这本书中其他的科学研究不甚关注。

In all, the thesis obtains the following two objects: First of all, the points of view that people have discussed are excluded. Moreover, the thesis concentrates on adding Bacon"s thoughts that people haven"t emphasized, and corrects the mistakes that people have made concerning Novum Organum. At the same time, the thesis evaluates the viewpoints of Bacon and Novum Organum from historical and dialectic angles. Second, combining the contemporary scientific ideology, the thesis concludes that the viewpoints of Novum Organum are great inspirations to the Modern science. In all, this thesis reviews the philosophical and scientific viewpoints of Bacons Novum Organum on the basis of analyzing the materials of Bacon and Novum Organum. The thesis is divided into four parts.

所以，本文欲采用史学研究与哲学分析相结合的方法对前人的见解和培根及其《新工具》本身进行系统的探讨，希望能达到以下两大目的：首先，对《新工具》中前人已着重论述过的思想不再涉猎，致力于补充培根其他哲学和科学思想的研究资料，并剔除对培根思想的一些误读，同时把对培根的评价放入历史的长河中进行具体研究，用辩证的眼光看培根在那个特定时代下所做出的贡献；其次，在对《新工具》中的思想进行研究时，时刻结合当今现实和当代科学思维成果，古为今用，洋为中用，发掘《新工具》对今天的启示。

In all, the thesis obtains the following two objects:First of all, the points of view that people have discussed are excluded. Moreover, the thesis concentrates on adding Bacon\'s thoughts that people haven\'t emphasized, and corrects the mistakes that people have made concerning Novum Organum. At the same time, the thesis evaluates the viewpoints of Bacon and Novum Organum from historical and dialectic angles. Second, combining the contemporary scientific ideology, the thesis concludes that the viewpoints of Novum Organum are great inspirations to the Modern science.In all, this thesis reviews the philosophical and scientific viewpoints of Bacon\'s Novum Organum on the basis of analyzing the materials of Bacon and Novum Organum. The thesis is divided into four parts.

所以，本文欲采用史学研究与哲学分析相结合的方法对前人的见解和培根及其《新工具》本身进行系统的探讨，希望能达到以下两大目的：首先，对《新工具》中前人已着重论述过的思想不再涉猎，致力于补充培根其他哲学和科学思想的研究资料，并剔除对培根思想的一些误读，同时把对培根的评价放入历史的长河中进行具体研究，用辩证的眼光看培根在那个特定时代下所做出的贡献；其次，在对《新工具》中的思想进行研究时，时刻结合当今现实和当代科学思维成果，古为今用，洋为中用，发掘《新工具》对今天的启示。

Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements.

恩培多柯勒的哲学由于四根说的宇宙发生论最为知名。

The historical roots of the idea of the domination of nature are extremely complicated. Leiss'inquires these roots and evolutions from ancient myth fable, world view of religion, natural wizardry theory of the Renaissance, Bacons philosophy and philosophies of 17th century and after.

控制自然观念的历史根源极其复杂，莱斯主要从古代神话传说、宗教世界观、文艺复兴时的自然巫术理论、培根的哲学思想和17世纪及以后的哲学思想中探寻这一观念的根源和演变。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。