培养微生物

The results showed that the soil catalase and dehydrogenase activities, soil microbial biomass N and microbial biomass C were restrain somewhat by four acetanilide herbicides at the beginning of cultivation, but can recover soon.

研究表明，培养初期丁草胺、乙草胺、丙草胺和异丙甲草胺对土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性、对土壤微生物量氮和微生物量碳有不同程度的抑制，但均能很快恢复，四种供试酰胺类除草剂对土壤生态的影响不大，除草剂之间也没有表现出显著差异；培养初期rac-异丙甲草胺和S-isomer高浓度处理均比常规用药量处理对土壤酶、土壤BN和Bc的影响大。

At present, the understanding of ecology of acidophilic microorganisms is mainly based on the traditional pure culture and isolation techniques. However, the development of molecular biology provides more scientific methods. The combination of pure culture and isolation techniques with molecular biotechnology will provide more effective methods in this field.

目前对嗜酸微生物生态学的理解主要基于传统的纯菌培养分离技术，但是分子生物学技术的发展提供了更科学的研究手段，将纯菌培养分离技术和分子生物学技术相结合是研究嗜酸微生物生态的有效方法。

Through the analysis of the contents of loureirins of the zymolysis products of fungus with different culture time, it can conclude that dragon's blood is the products of interactions between Dracaena cochinchinenis and the animalcula.

对比部分微生物不同培养时间的发酵产物，可以得出龙血竭的形成是剑叶龙血树和它损伤后感染的微生物相互作用的结果，并且从微生物回接实验的结果来看，某些微生物对剑叶龙血树龙血竭的形成有一定的促进作用。

The citric acid-producing strain Aspergillus niger 2363-2, was isolated and used in our research. The fermentation conditions were optimized as follows: sucrose as carbon source 8. 0-14. 0%, ammonium chloride as nitrogen source 3. 0-4. 0g/l, initial pH 2. 0, and cultural temperature 30℃. The influential factors of formation of spores were also studied, and a series of measures were taken to restrain the spore formation on the basis of our experimental results. With the consideration of the cultural environment and microbial cell itself, the factors affecting the duration of citric acid-producing activity of microbial cells were examined, and it is found that undissociated citric acid and the ageing of microbial cells are the main factors. The experimental results also show that partial replacement of fermentation broth can lengthen the duration of citric acid -producing acitivity of microbial cells.

筛选出了用于试验研究的柠檬酸发酵用菌Aspergillus niger 2363-2，确定了其最适发酵条件—碳源选用蔗糖，浓度8.0~14.0%，氮源为NH〓Cl，浓度3.0~4.0g/l，发酵初始pH值为2.0，培养温度30℃；讨论了分生孢子产生的影响因素，并通过试验提出了抑制分生孢子产生的措施；从分析微生物所处的环境和微生物本身两个方面出发，探讨了影响微生物菌体产酸活性持久性的因素，认为分子态柠檬酸和菌体本身的老化是影响微生物产酸活性持久性的两个主要因素，并提出采用部分置换发酵液发酵能延长微生物菌体的产酸活性。

In addition to the cultured cellulolytic microbes, there are still a great number of microbes being not readily culturable in natural environments, which may represent great potential for identifying novel cellulases and their encoding genes.

除了获得纯培养的纤维素降解微生物外，自然环境中还有大量不可培养的微生物，这些微生物蕴藏着丰富的纤维素酶和基因资源。

Different kinds of flocculants have different capabilities. The flocculants produced by Aspergillus parasiticus is not steady for heat. The flocculating effect is best at acid conditions, and it is not acute for Ca〓. The flocculant can decolorize soluble dyestuff, even the active gorgeous red X-3B which is difficult to be decolorized, the decolor rate is 62. 1%. The flocculant produced by A-9 is steady for heat. It can flocculate Gaolin suspension well without synergistic effects of CaCl〓, and the dose is only 0.05ml/L. The obvious character of A-9's medium cultured for 3days is very viscosity, and viscosity is a mark for microorganism producing microbial flocculants.

不同的微生物絮凝剂具有不同的性能，寄生曲霉产生的絮凝剂对热不稳定，在酸性条件下絮凝效果好，对Ca〓不敏感，该絮凝剂对可溶性染料具有良好的脱色性能，即使是最难脱色的活性艳红X-3B，脱色率也达到62.1％。A-9产生的絮凝剂对热稳定，絮凝高岭土悬浮液时用量小，仅为0.05ml/L，且不需添加CaCl〓等助凝剂，明显优于其它微生物絮凝剂。A-9菌株培养3天的培养液的明显特征是粘性高，试验发现培养液的粘性与微生物絮凝剂性能有较好的对应关系，因此培养液的粘性可以作为微生物产生絮凝剂的重要标志。

The result indicated that, although microorganism from paddy soil could directly reduce Cr, the reduecing rate and efficiency were limited; the higher Cr concentration was, the less reducing ability the microbial showed; the microbe from different paddy soils had different effects on Cr reducing abilities; The reducing ability of the microbe from Sichuan paddy soil was higher than that from Jiangxi paddy soil. Cr added could be rapidly reduced in paddy soil under anaerobic incubation, moreover, the process of dissimilatory iron reduction of soil could obviously promote the Cr reduction. The existent of Cr could delay the appearance of Fe; the higher Cr concentration was, the later Fe appeared. The delayed time of Fe appearance was in accordance with the ending time of Cr reduction.

结果表明，由水稻土中提取的微生物虽然能够直接还原Cr，但其还原速率和还原程度有限，且Cr浓度越高，微生物的还原能力越差；不同来源的上壤微生物对Cr的还原能力有所差异，其中四川水稻土中微生物对Cr的还原能力均大于江西水稻土；在厌氧培养的水稻土中，添加的Cr可以较迅速地还原，其中土壤氧化铁的微生物还原过程对Cr还原具有明显的促进作用；Cr的存在导致Fe生成的时间出现滞后，目Cr浓度越大生成Fe的滞后时间越长；Fe产生滞后的时间与Cr还原结束的时间具有一致性。

Counting method of microorganisms in environment;②preparation of smears for observing forms and structures of bacteria、Actinomyces、yeasts and molds, methods and technologies of staining and oil immersion objective;③cell counting techniques and microscope examination techniques;④preparation of microbic media and sterilization techniques;⑤aseptic operations and microbic inoculation methods ;⑥technics of microbic separation、purification and cultivation;⑦physiological and biochemical reactions of microorganisms and the microbial examination techniques of food sanitation to strengthen students the operation techniques.

课程内容：本课程实验内容包括：①环境中微生物检测计数；②细菌、放线菌、酵母及霉菌细胞形态、结构的制片，染色和显微镜观测，油浸物镜的使用技术；③细胞计数技术和显微测量技术；④微生物培养基制备、压力蒸气灭菌技术；⑤无菌操作技术、移种技术；⑥微生物分离、纯化和培养技术；⑦微生物的生理、生化反应及食品卫生微生物检测技术等旨在加强学生微生物学的操作技术。

The microorganisms was domesticated by adding a certain amount of lead in the soil, and three lead-tolerant strains including Pb-R-1, Pb-R-2 and Pb-H-3 accordingly originating from 300 mg/L, 750 mg/L and 900 mg/L lead medium were isolated with a series of PDA medium of different lead concentrations. Through the identification, Pb-R-2 was confirmed as Aspergillus sp., Pb-R-3 as Penicillium sp. The trials of transferring culture showed that all strains had the stable heredity of lead tolerance in different composition PDA medium.

通过向土壤中添加一定量的铅来驯化土壤微生物，然后利用一系列不同铅浓度的PDA培养基分离耐铅微生物，结果获得一株耐300 mg/L铅的细菌Pb-R-1和二株分别耐750 mg/L和900 mg/L铅的真菌Pb-R-2和Pb-R-3，通过鉴定得知，Pb-R-2菌株为曲霉，Pb-R-3菌株为青霉；不同成分培养基传代培养实验表明，3个菌株有稳定的耐铅遗传性；通过液体悬浮培养获得：Pb-R-1、Pb-R-2和Pb-R-3对Pb(上标 2+)的吸附率依次为35.5%、75.5%和48.2%。

Root soils of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet sauvignon grapes of 4 and 8 years old in Yangling region vineyards were taken as samples; and the methods of plate culture and selective medium were used to culture and separate soil microbes. Then the microbes separated from different regions were counted and classified.

以陕西杨陵4年生和8年生赤霞珠葡萄的根系土壤为试验材料，利用平板培养法和微生物选择培养基进行培养分离，采用梯度平板涂布法计数，对葡萄根系土壤中的7种目标微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌以及4种细菌生理群）在不同区域、不同层面的分布和数量进行比较、分析。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。