城邦国家

But my nature is rational and social; and my city and country, so far as I am Antoninus, is Rome, but so far as I am a man, it is the world.

但我的本性是理性和社会性，是我的城邦和国家，是安东尼的后裔，是罗马，是一个男人，我的本性是这个世界。

Sparta city children from 7 years of age by the state dependent on, and to engage in sports, military training, led a military life.

斯巴达城邦儿童从7岁起就由国家抚养，并从事体育、军事训练，过着军事生活。

In the early 20th century BC, Phoenician in some small city-state of slavery, but never a unified country.

公元前20世纪初，在腓尼基产生一些小的奴隶制城邦，但从未形成统一的国家。

The reform of Jean-Jacques Rousseau lays a foundation of democratic politics, Peisistratus' Tyrannos is an omnidirectional development of democracy, while Cleisthenes' reform steadily improves the Government of Athens, and the establishment of the democratic government system are marked by the practice that people are the master of sovereignty.

在漫长的历史进程中，始终伴随着多次重大的社会改革运动，可以说，改革既是雅典民主政治形成与发展的需要，又是民主化进程的推动力。刚诞生的雅典城邦是典型的贵族政治国家。如果把雅典民主政治

At that time in Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, a total of more than 40 Nome, small size, mostly from the tribe or tribal alliance transformation, is a city-style country.

当时在上埃及和下埃及共有40多个诺姆，面积不大，大多是从部落或者部落联盟转变过来的，是一种城邦式的国家。

Although in practice these were oligarchical, and bore little resemblance to a modern democracy, they did have democratic features and were responsive states, with forms of participation in governance and belief in liberty.

尽管这些政体实际属于寡头政治并且与现代民主鲜有类似之处，他们确实是拥有民主特征的负责任的城邦，拥有国家管理部门以及对自由的信念。

The Prince Bo o k 5 Ho w C itie s o r Prin c ip a litie s Wh ic h Live d u n d e r Th e ir O w n La ws b e fo re Th e y We re O c c up ie d Sh o uld Be Ad m in iste re d When those states that are acquired, as has been said, are accustomed to living by their own laws and in liberty, there are three modes for those who want to hold them: first, ruin them; second, go there to live personally; third, let them live by their laws, taking tribute from them and creating within them an oligarchical state which keeps them friendly to you.

But in republics there is greater life， greater hatred， more desire for revenge； the memory of their 34 第五章 Book 5 第五章如何治理那些被占领之前有着自己法律的城邦和君主国如果被占领的国家如前所述，习惯于遵循自己的法律，而且是自由的，那么，想把它们掌握住，有三种办法：第一种是将它们夷为平地；第二种是您御驾亲临，驻扎在彼处；第三种办法是由着那儿的居民沿用他们的法律，对他们收取贡赋，建立一个对您友好的寡头政府统治他们。

When several villages are united in a single complete community, large enough to be nearly or quite self-sufficing, the state comes into existence, originating in the bare needs of life, and continuing in existence for the sake of a good life.

政治学》（最佳国家，乌托邦，宪法，革命）等到由若干村坊组合而为"城市"，社会就进化到高级而完备的境界，在这种社会团体以内，人类的生活可以获得完全的自给自足；我们也可以这样说；城邦的长成出于人类"生活"的发展，而实际的存在却是为了"优良的生活"。

The Games organised at Olympia led to the development of the Panhellenic Games, which also included:- The Games at Delphi - The Games at Corinth - The Games at Nemea These Games were special because they brought the Greek world together at a time when Greece was not single state, but a series of city-states (politically and economically independent communities).

文章大意在奥林匹亚召开的古代奥运会直接促成了泛希腊运动会的形成、发展，它还包括在德尔菲、科林斯和尼米举办的奥运会。它的特别之处是，在一定时期将全希腊的人带到一起，因为当时希腊还不是一个统一的国家，只是一些城邦。

In the Archaic and Classical periods, Greece was not unified but was comprised of hundreds of small, independent poleis or city-states.

&在古代和古典时期，希腊没有统一，但由数百个小型的，独立的城邦或&城市国家。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。