城邦

In this thesis we therefore draw attention to political and theological aspects of Aeschylus' Oresteia, because it presents a world in which the divine plays a determining role in human affairs. Aeschylus portrays a cosmic and political order which is the conflict of two rights—of justice absolute and inexorable with the relative justice of a civic community. Like Sophocles, Aeschylus recognizes that no political order is base upon the morality of absolute justice.

在论文中，本人将著力研究&奥瑞斯特亚&三部曲政治和神学方面的问题，因为在此剧中，其主题和情节主要彰显了神圣意志在人事中的关键作用，而埃斯库罗斯的目的正是要突出两种不同正义观的冲突，一种正义是神的绝对正义，而另外一种是城邦公共体代表的相对正义。

In the Oresteia, the political order of Athen mirrors the divine rule and justice; besides, Athene presented as a founder of Areopagus, she turn the old justice of violent revenge towards the new justice of trial, at the ending of the Oresteia, Eumenides and Athene reconcile themselves to their incorporation into the new order.

和索福克勒斯一样，埃斯库罗斯也承认，政治的正义不是基于绝对的道德律令，而&奥瑞斯特亚&中雅典娜建立雅典法庭的意图正是要将古老的复仇正义转向新的法庭正义，并让复仇女神和她自己及其代表的城邦在新的政治秩序中达成和解。

From the perspective of public sphere in Panhellenic festivals, one unity with multipolarity in citystate political culture constitution was a quality of ancient Greek civilization.

由泛希腊节庆上的公共空间所折射出的城邦政治文化的一体多元化结构模式是古希腊文明的一个特色。

The rising of the Greek Olympic Festival lied on the ground of the society transformation in the early citystate period. The regular running and extensive development of the Festival revealed that the Greek world showed great interest to the Panhellenic sphere.

奥林匹亚节的兴起要归于城邦时代之初的社会转型环境，它的制度化与规模化运作则体现了希腊世界对泛希腊公共空间的关注。

The Games organised at Olympia led to the development of the Panhellenic Games, which also included:- The Games at Delphi - The Games at Corinth - The Games at Nemea These Games were special because they brought the Greek world together at a time when Greece was not single state, but a series of city-states (politically and economically independent communities).

文章大意在奥林匹亚召开的古代奥运会直接促成了泛希腊运动会的形成、发展，它还包括在德尔菲、科林斯和尼米举办的奥运会。它的特别之处是，在一定时期将全希腊的人带到一起，因为当时希腊还不是一个统一的国家，只是一些城邦。

The writings of the middle period include Gorgias (a consideration of several ethical questions), Meno (a discussion of the nature of knowledge), the Apology (Socrates' defense of himself at his trial against the charges of atheism and corrupting Athenian youth), Crito (Socrates' defense of obedience to the laws of the state), Phaedo (the death scene of Socrates, in which he discusses the theory of Forms, the nature of the soul, and the question of immortality), the Symposium (Plato's outstanding dramatic achievement, which contains several speeches on beauty and love), the Republic (Plato's supreme philosophical achievement, which is a detailed discussion of the nature of justice).

中期这部分的著作包括《高尔吉亚篇》(关于几个伦理问题的讨论)，《美诺篇》，《申辩》(在法庭上苏格拉底自己对于指控他无神论和腐蚀雅典青年的罪名的辩护)，《克里托篇》(苏格拉底对于顺从城邦法律所做的辩护)，《费多篇》(苏格拉底之死，他讨论了&型相论&，自然灵魂和不朽的问题)，《会饮篇》(柏拉图最突出和生动的作品，它包含几篇对于&美&和&爱&的演讲)，《理想国》(柏拉图最高的哲学成就，它详细的讨论了关于&正义&的问题)。

His method is basically practicalism,and his conclusion is dependable.

他对城邦政制的研究基本上是实证主义的，许多结论也是靠得住的。

Morning go to middle ages general art city - Siena,when 13 centuries is one of Italian most prosperous autonomous city-states,visit* Saint bright church,* the saintess praises Germany family,the square all around historic building the Lin,* main church.

上午驱车前往有如中世纪一般的艺术古城－西艾纳，古城洋溢著浓厚的中世纪息，十三世纪时是义大利最繁荣的自治城邦之一，参观●圣道明教堂、●圣女嘉德琳之家、田园广场四周古建筑、●主教堂等。

It was the capital of Megaris, a small Dorian state between the Saronic Gulf and the Gulf of Corinth.

它是迈加里斯的首都，是位于萨罗尼克湾及科林斯湾之间的多利斯人的小城邦。

Maya civilization prosperous two millenniums, but to the 9th century, lived scatteredly the Maya person as if likely has received some kind of instruction as if by prior agreement, at the same time dozens of ancient city-states is abandoned, they gave up the fertile land, to remote mountain migration which went out of cultivation, about the Maya civilization interrupt's reason, is still until now unable to agree.

玛雅文明昌盛了二千年，但到公元9世纪，散居的玛雅人似乎象是不约而同地接到了某种指令，数十座古老的城邦同时被废弃，他们放弃了肥沃的土地，向荒芜的深山迁移，关于玛雅文明中断的原因，至今仍莫衷一是。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。