城市居民

Lander, many information advisory body at the end of the country's 14 city residents living on the investigation, said in buying refrigerators, color TV equipment, buy treasury bills and save money in interest, save money for their retirement and other traditional spending money residents only total 41%, while in a car, housing, housing renovation, children's education, tourism, study, run companies, buy shares of spending money on new residents, for 72.4%.

据中新社报道，根据北京美兰德等多家信息咨询机构去年底对全国14个城市居民进行的生活观调查，表示在买冰箱彩电等大件、买国库券、存钱得息、存钱防老等传统支出方面用钱的居民，只占全部的41%，而在买车、买房、住房装修、子女教育、旅游、留学、办公司、买股票等新的支出方面用钱的居民，已占72.4%。

Thereinto, the travel of commuter is the basic behavior in individual life, their behavior may affect all sides of the urban life. Especially, nowadays the traffic congest problem at the travel peak has been stand out in city, which has been a key factor holding back economic development.

通勤出行是城市居民最基本和最重要的出行，其影响到城市生活的方方面面，特别是早、晚高峰通勤时段的交通拥堵，已成为城市交通最为突出的问题之一，并制约城市社会和经济进一步的发展。

It would be the powerful theory base and evidence for alleviating congestion. In this dissertation, characteristics and effected factors of urban traffic congestion were generally analyzed and evaluation measures of congested traffic and normal traffic were reviewed. An index-system of congestion measures adapting to urban traffic was set up in which road characteristic, decision-making, perceptivity of citizen travel and economic-society adaptability were considered. A method of"classify status first, evaluate trend later"was found out according to analysis of all existing comprehensive evaluation methods.

论文在全面分析城市道路交通拥堵特性及主要影响因素的基础上，对拥堵评价指标和传统城市交通评价指标进行了回顾，综合考虑道路特征、政府决策、城市居民出行感受和社会经济适应性，建立了适合城市道路交通特点的拥堵评价指标体系；并在分析现有综合评价方法的基础上，提出了"先状态分类后趋势分析"的拥堵评价方法。

The great tour purchasing power is the drive power of promoting the region's tourism developmentln the regional space, scale economic and regional separation are one of the basic characteristics of promoting tourism industry, So we must arrange the regional tourism industry with a systematic method and give prominence to the central city. For its outstanding area in the regional space, central city has evident superiority in the regional ecnomic development, and has echelon between central city and its periphery scennic spots, which is the inducement mechanism of tourism industry's arranging, developing and advancing step by step. For the law of diminishing marginal utility and the theory of equilibrium, the max utility equilibrium of tourism consumption be at the point of tangency of undiscrepancy curve and the cost budget curve.

中心城市居民巨大的出游力是拉动其周边旅游地发展重要的内在驱动力；由于地缘关系，区域规模经济与地域分割并存，是旅游产业运动的一个基本特征，为此必须对区域旅游经济进行系统化布局，突出中心城市的产业中心性；因其区位条件独特，中心城市在区域经济发展中居于明显的优势，与周边城乡部位存在经济发展上的梯次性，这种梯次性是区域旅游生产力布局、产业发展梯次传动，最终整体联动的经济诱导机制；根据边际效用递减规律和旅游者最大效用均衡理论，旅游消费效用最大化的均衡在无差异曲线与开支预算线的切点(即旅游目的地选择的最佳位置)上，且随着边际效用递减，目的地选择的最佳位置向远离中心城市方向移动，这就是中心城市与周边旅游地互动关系的经济学解释。

On the one hand, the population is booming in a city;On the other hand, the demand of the residenter in the city is higher and higher. Therefore, the underground pipeline becomes the Life Line of the city.

一方面城市人口急剧增加，另一方面城市居民的需求也越来越高，城市地下管线成了城市的生命线。

Urban Public Transport , as the essential economic element, always influence the social economic activity in the city and the urbanite's living standard directly .

城市公共交通是城市经济结构中重要的组成部分，直接影响着城市的社会经济活动和城市居民的生活水平，是整个城市的基本构件。

In china, it has been the government who has invested in, operated and managed the urban utilities. But due to the limitations of government's financial fund and the inefficiency of governmental investment, the supply of urban utilities has been insufficient which has influenced the improvement of urbanite's living standards and development of the city also.

长期以来，我国城市公用事业实行政府投资、政府经营和管理的办法，但由于政府财政资金的限制以及政府投资的低效率，导致城市公用事业长期处于供不应求的状态，影响了城市居民生活水平的提高和城市的发展。

This thesis, through planning to be analysed the urban track of several cities in our country at present, study how a very good subway and city perfect conbining together, can not only facilitate the urbanite's traffic but also merge with the planning of the whole city , the coordination that and very good with other means of transportation stands up.

本论文通过对目前我国几个城市的城市轨道规划来分析，研究了如何很好的把地铁与城市完美的结合起来，既方便城市居民的交通，又能与整个城市的规划相融合，并且与其它交通工具很好的协调起来。

Based on the review of the Chinese and western development history of urban space, this paper makes systematic analysis of the complexity and contradictiveness existed in the Post Urban Public Space form, the future trend and countermeasures.

城市公共空间是城市居民进行公共交往活动的开放性场所，同时又是人类与自然进行物质、能量和信息交流的重要场所，是城市生态和城市生活的重要载体，涉及生态、文化、美学及城市可持续发展等多种目标，并呈动态发展变化过程。

With the spread of Shanghai City, the town around the megapolis has been experiencing the period of speedy urbanization, and become the mixed section where immigrated outlanders, relocated farmers and the city residents. So the public service and utilities supplying has been one of the difficult problems of the government and urban planning, but the emergence of difference between the underdevelopment of public service utilities supplying and the increasing demand of people has effected the communities healthy development.

随着上海中心城区的不断扩大，使其周边城镇一直处于快速城市化的过程中，成为外来人口、动迁农民和城市居民的混合区，公共服务及配套设施成为政府和城市规划工作的一大难题，目前社区公共服务设施配套的落后与居民日益增长的需求形成了明显的差距和矛盾，严重的影响了社区健康发展。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。