城市居民

It is the main content of OD survey, and is the most direct means to grasp the traffic demand of urban transportation. It provides the most basic information to research urban traffic problem and is the most direct way for researchers to master the rules and status of urban traffic development.

居民出行调查是OD调查的主要内容，是掌握城市交通需求最直接的手段，是研究者掌握城市交通发展现状及规律的最直接途径，为各项城市交通问题的研究提供基础资料。

Some cities have combined the transformation of old cities with the adjustment of city layout to change the dirtiness, disorderliness and insanitariness characteristic of old urban areas and improve the living environment of urban residents.

一些城市把旧城改造与调整城市布局相结合，解决老城区脏乱差的问题，改善居民生活环境；大力调整城市能源结构，积极推广清洁能源和集中供热，减轻燃煤污染。

The fourth,through the study of the change of urban neighborhood,as well asthe country\'s role in the period after social transformation,it found that along with thedisintegration of"danwei"system,urban neighborhood played a more importantsocial function in the management of urban society,in the discourse of"communityconstruction",the relationship between state and urban neighborhood transferred fromthe original"authoritarian control"to"institution to absorb",on the discourse of"community construction",although the state created development space for thecommunity,with agents in the grass-roots"neighborhood",the state always bring theinitial social forces into the institutional orbit of controllable..

四是通过考察社会转型以来城市邻里空间的变迁，以及国家在期间扮演的角色，发现随着单位制解体，邻里社区开始在城市社会管理中发挥重要社会功能，在"社区建设"的话语下，国家与城市邻里空间的关系从原来的"威权控制"转向"体制吸纳"，国家策略性地为社会创设一定空间，通过其在基层的代理人"居民委员会"的制度运作，始终将生长中的社会力量吸纳入国家体制可控的轨道之中。

The article discusses changes taken place since the initiation of reforms and opening in aspects of city administrative functions, population structure, consumming structure and urban economic structure and so on and discusses impacts they bear on the contents of provision of public facilities and amenities , and their pattern of distribution and target.

实行改革开放以来，城市发生了很多变化，这些变化正是城市规划需要更新观念，改进方法的基础。本文从城市政府职能、城市人口结构、居民消费结构以及城市经济结构等方面的变化，探讨对城市公共设施规划的影响和编制问题。

In recent years, with the acceleration of economical development and the progress of urbanization, ground traffic flow has increased rapidly, urban traffic becomes more and more stressfully, traffic congestion blocks the development of urban economy, and affects the normal order of social activity and daily outing. To develop and construct safe, quick, comfortable urban rapid rail transit system network is imperative.

近年来，随着我国经济的发展及城市化进程的加快，地面车流量快速增长，城市交通压力越来越大，交通拥堵既妨碍了城市经济的发展，也影响了社会活动的正常秩序及居民日常出行，因此大城市发展和建设安全、快捷、舒适的快速轨道交通系统网络已是势在必行。

One recent study found that the cities where residents got the most restful night's sleep were also the places where people's happiness levels were highest.

最近一个研究表明，居民睡眠质量最高的城市，往往也是居民幸福指数最高的城市。

Since reform and opening up, the Beijing municipal committee and government have adopted policies of precinct wide development coupled with redeveloping old and dangerous housing,housing reform coupled with improving residential conditions,and integration of market operations and macro controls.

此后，随着城市功能的变化、城市规模的扩大以及城市人口的激增，城市住宅建设一直成为各级、各届政府和居民关心的热点，从这个视角可以反映北京城市的发展过程和对首都城市功能的认识过程。

When Matthew Kahn and Iestimated household carbon emissions across American metropolitan areas we found that the three areas with the lowest emissions were San Diego San Francisco and San Jose. Carbon emissions in these places are still more than four times the emissions in the brownest Chinese city and10 times as high as the household emissions in the average Chinese city. Thatgulf reminds us why America has so little moral authority on global warming and why the world's carbon emissions will probablysoar as China and India acquire the living patterns of prosperous nations.

Matthew Kahn和我估算着美国大都市的居民碳排放，我们发现圣地亚哥、旧金山和圣何塞是碳排放最低的3个地区，但是这些地方的碳排放仍然高出中国污染最严重的城市4倍多，而且比中国一般城市的居民排放率高出10倍，这种差距提醒我们为什么美国在全球变暖事务上没有足够的权威性，以及为什么全球的碳排放将继续增长，随着中国和印度正在向富裕国家的生活模式靠近

According to Wang, the city in 2004 issued a series to invigorate the stock of real estate policies, including various types of idle speed up the clearance of land, and properly deal with the expiration of real estate and real estate issues left over by history, inter alia, to expedite the processing of the "uncompleted flats", to actively promote the "Villages" transformation of a wide range of utilizing land in stock and the stock of real estate measures, which is conducive not only to the city to contain the deterioration of the city's ecological environment, to further improve the urban landscape, but also be able to add real estate in the city and tightening the supply of land for continued strong market demand, under the premise of the increase in effective real estate supply, to solve the increasingly sharp contradictions of market supply and demand, the city's residents to meet the growing demand for living.

另据介绍，该市于2004年出台了一系列搞活存量房地产的政策，包括各类闲置加快清理土地，妥善处理到期房地产和房地产历史遗留问题，除其他外，加快处理的&楼花&，积极推进&城中村&改造的范围广泛的盘活存量土地和存量房地产措施，这不仅有利于城市，以控制恶化的城市生态环境，以进一步改善城市景观，而且还能够购买房地产在城市和紧缩土地供应的持续强劲的市场需求，的前提下，增加有效的房地产供应，解决日益尖锐的矛盾，市场供给和需求，城市的居民，以满足不断增长的需求生活水平。

It is this demand for housing is driven by domestic industries, promote the development of civilized living, urban living space also has its full right to choose; Third, the urban residents in improving their own quality of life, living environment is also vital to experience life and space in relationship lending and leasing, which passed from the current real estate mortgage loans and leasing of housing to improve the living status of the self-view is obvious; Fourth, each of the residents will be able to exercise freely their right to living space of the aesthetic, also take up construction of urban living aesthetic responsibility.

正是这种对房屋的需求推动了国内产业，促进发展的文明生活，城市生活空间也有充分的选择权；第三，城镇居民改善自己的生活质量，生活环境也是至关重要的经验生命和空间关系的贷款和租赁，而通过从目前的房地产抵押贷款和租赁的住房，以改善生活状况的自我认为是显而易见的；第四，每个居民将能够自由地行使自己的权利居住空间的审美，还需要建设城市生活美学的责任。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。