城市

His concept,"People to take decisions about the design of their own living environment" and some projects developed under this concept such as Spacial City, Bridge Town and Pedestrain Metro, not only caused great impact on the direction of urban planning at that time, but also paved the way for new thoughts coming afterwards.

他的"由居住者决定住宅与城市规划"的理念及在此理念下诞生的"空中城市"、"桥镇"、"人行通道"等计划，不仅冲击当时城市规划的方向，开启后进建筑设计的新思维，更对今天发展中国家的城市规划起到深远的启示意义。

It would be the powerful theory base and evidence for alleviating congestion. In this dissertation, characteristics and effected factors of urban traffic congestion were generally analyzed and evaluation measures of congested traffic and normal traffic were reviewed. An index-system of congestion measures adapting to urban traffic was set up in which road characteristic, decision-making, perceptivity of citizen travel and economic-society adaptability were considered. A method of"classify status first, evaluate trend later"was found out according to analysis of all existing comprehensive evaluation methods.

论文在全面分析城市道路交通拥堵特性及主要影响因素的基础上，对拥堵评价指标和传统城市交通评价指标进行了回顾，综合考虑道路特征、政府决策、城市居民出行感受和社会经济适应性，建立了适合城市道路交通特点的拥堵评价指标体系；并在分析现有综合评价方法的基础上，提出了"先状态分类后趋势分析"的拥堵评价方法。

The results indicated that the water resources renewability in the Yellow River Basin was in middle level or below, and the whole basin's water resources renewability was very bad. Water resources social renewability of Presidial Cities in the Yellow River basin was in general level, and the others were worse than Presidial Cities, so the main cities' water resources social renewability in the Yellow River Basin was not good generally.

结果表明，黄河流域各区域可再生性能力基本上为中等或以下，整个黄河流域水资源可再生性能力较弱；15个主要城市中，省会城市水资源社会可再生性水平一般，其余城市属于较弱水平，总体上，黄河流域城市水资源社会可再生性能力普遍较弱。

The contradiction of urban supply and demand is primal problem about traffic congestion, the paper on the point of view from traffic supply management, consulting practical experience at home and abroad, bringing forward the solutions.

城市交通供给与需求之间的矛盾是引发城市交通拥挤和堵塞的主要问题，从交通需求管理的角度出发，结合国内外城市的实践经验，提出解决城市交通拥挤的对策。

The prime factor of the urban space – the road, is not only the city's material framework, but also a process space of city life which is the main site to apperceive the city.

道路作为构成城市空间的第一构成要素，既是城市物质骨架，又是城市生活的过程空间，是人们感知城市的主要场所。

Through recapitulative analysis of status and characters of private cars' development, the thesis sums up four development specialties .based on the analysis of the special economic and political background of private cars' development in the metropolitans of china, this dissertation puts forward the countermeasure and suggestions towards the improvement of urban passenger transport planning.

我国经济的持续发展和人民生活水平的提高加速了小汽车进入家庭的步伐，在城市交通中提出对待大城市家用小汽车发展的明确对策，是摆在我们面前的紧迫课题。本文以我国大城市家用小汽车作为研究对象，对我国城市家用小汽车发展现状和特征做了概括性的分析，归纳出家用小汽车的发展特征。

So the effect of pollution improvement is affected, at the same time investment benefit is not fully made well. Aiming at the above problems occurred during the improvement of water environment pollution, based on the general analysis of current water environment pollution situation and cause of pollution by the instance of the water environmental pollution improvement in the centre town of Chengdu City, the article puts forward the reasons of water environment pollution of most cities: wastewater collection is insufficient because of delaying of pipe net construction; capability of sewage treatment is inadequate; manage measure is not regular because of management not according to laws and laws not strictly executed; investment channels of pollution implement is unitary.

通过对成都市中心城水环境治理实施方案的研究，对如何与城市建设相结合来进行水环境污染治理提出以下几点看法：①应合理划分流经城市水体的功能区域和正确确定水环境治理目标一些设想；②必须有科学、合理、全面、可操作性强的城市排水规划；③建设、完善污水收集系统，提高污水收集率，加快城市污水处理厂建设，提高污水处理能力；④对中心城河道按防洪、截污、环卫、绿化、景观的要求进行全面整治；⑤治污资金的筹措应从单一的政府投资模式向多元化的融资渠道发展；⑥制定、完善相应的法律、法规、制度以及工程建设管理措施。

In order toachieve scientific、reasonable and regular development of urban space, we must makeuse of the rational thought, synthetically analyze and study the influence factors of theurban land expansion, and then, we can come true the scientific choice of urban landexpansion and the right decision of urban planning.

为谋求城市空间科学、合理、有序的发展，我们必须运用理性思维，综合、系统、全面地分析和研究城市用地扩展的各项影响因素，以实现城市用地扩展的科学选择和城市规划的正确决策。

On the one hand, the population is booming in a city;On the other hand, the demand of the residenter in the city is higher and higher. Therefore, the underground pipeline becomes the Life Line of the city.

一方面城市人口急剧增加，另一方面城市居民的需求也越来越高，城市地下管线成了城市的生命线。

The paper examines the urban paradigm in the Ritualism world and the development of Rationalism in modern cities, compares their nature, differentia and the roles they take in the urban transformation. In the urban history towards modernization, social development based on Rationalism excludes the understanding, research and succeed to traditional culture that has profound humanism value on huge degree.

该文对于"礼"世界中的城市规范、"理"与近现代城市发展进行阐述，扼要分析和比较两种不同城市哲学的内涵、差异以及在城市转型中的作用；进而指出近代以来，基于科学理性的社会发展观相当程度排斥了对具有深刻人文价值的传统文化的认知、研究和传承。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。