城乡

Third, in the establishment wire plan bare bone and in the principle foundation, has discussed the wire layout major effect factor, the network analysis situs model abstract method, summarizes the going beyond a line network layout structure.

首先，考察城乡关系的演变历程，诠释城乡一体化内涵，明确城乡一体化对交通系统建设的要求，分析现状城乡客运体系，总结出城镇公交客流客源特征、空间分布特征、时间分布特征和集散特征。

The dualistic organ to divide cities –the reasons of systems, that is, the census registering system to divide urban and rural areas; city-bias financial system; the inequality of political rights between urban and rural areas; the inequality of the distribution to social resources; the division of unsymmetrical markets between urban and rural areas; the system of burgage and the abuse to the system of peasant-labors.

城乡分割的二元结构—制度体制原因，即城乡分割的户籍制度；城市偏向的财政金融体制；城乡政治权利的不平等；城乡社会资源分配的不平等；不对称的城乡市场分割；土地产权制度和农民工体制的弊端等。

These conflicts came forth not only because the managers lack mature managing experiences for long-time detached management in urban and rural area, but also for various glossaries and uncertain boundaries of URIA, theory system of which is digressive from application, Consequently, hard to be put into practice effectively.

这些矛盾的出现一方面由于长期以来我国城乡分治，对城乡结合部缺乏成熟的管理经验；另一方面是因为城乡结合部概念繁多，范围不定，对城乡结合部的理论研究与实际应用脱节，难以有效地应用于实践。

The urban-rural gap results in a series of problems such as serious segmentation between the urban and the rural, more conflicts, lag of economy development in the rural, which has hindered sustainable economic development and social stability and advancement.

中国典型的城乡二元经济结构造成了城乡居民在收入、消费结构、家庭财富、医疗、教育等方面的巨大差距，并由此产生了城乡社会严重分割、农村经济发展滞后、城乡矛盾日益加剧等一系列问题，严重阻碍了中国经济的可持续发展和社会的稳定、进步。

At last it points out problems in the process of development in rural-urban fringe of Huhhot.

在加快城市化进程和实现城乡统筹的大背景下，研究呼和浩特市城乡边缘区的形成、问题及对策，对于破除城乡二元结构、解决"三农问题"、实现城乡之间协调发展等方面有着十分重要的理论和现实意义。

In 1978-1985, the country adjustment the development policy of the city and countryside, the key of finance and taxation policy was the farmer. In 1985-1990, the country tried hard to coordinate the contradiction of the city and countryside development and took "the Three Chooses" as a center of gravity. In 1990-2002, the disparity of the city and countryside was more and more big, the country had to standard farmer tax revenue; transform administrative fees into taxes in order to adjust the harmonious of the city and countryside relation. In 2002-2006, the country alleviated gradually the contradictory of the city and countryside through the reform of agricultural tax and administrative fees. Along with entering WTO, the uncoordinated relations of the city and countryside faced a huge challenge.

改革开放以后，国家在统筹城乡关系上经历了四个阶段：1978—1985年，国家对城乡发展政策进行调整，财税政策重点向农民倾斜；1985—1990年，国家以治理"三乱"为重心，力图协调城乡发展矛盾；1990—2002年，城乡差距越来越大，国家采取了规范农民税收、"费改税"等措施，试图调整不和谐的城乡关系；2002—2006年，国家通过农村税费改革、取消农业税等政策措施，逐步缓解了城乡矛盾。

By the look of research results made, this dissertation has innovated followingly mainly: First, the author quantized compares to a lot of angles of disparity of urban and rural economies in Hubei, and analyses the reason why disparity forms objectively, Second, from two respects of advantage of economic development in urban and rural areas of pool and inferior position in Hubei, the author carries on in-depth analysis to the current situation of a coordinated urban-rural development of Hubei, draws four main contents of a coordinated urban-rural development of Hubei; Third, it is a route choice of economic development in urban and rural areas of the pool of Hubei to propose strengthening the land economy in the county clearly, concrete way that route realize to is to develop strategy simultaneously to "6 take" to implement to want; Fourth, the author divides different county land modes of establishing a coordinated urban-rural development of Hubei in the area, and analyses deeply, and puts forward the corresponding development measure to each kind of mode.

从所取得的研究成果看，本文主要有以下创新：一是对湖北省城乡经济差距从多个角度进行了量化比较，并客观分析了差距形成的原因；二是从湖北省统筹城乡经济发展的优势和劣势两个方面，对湖北省统筹城乡经济发展现状进行深入分析，得出湖北省统筹城乡经济发展的四个主要内容；三是明确提出壮大县域经济是湖北省统筹城乡经济发展的路径选择，路径实现的具体方式是要实行&六化&并举战略；四是分区域确立了湖北省城乡经济统筹发展的不同县域模式，并对每种模式进行了深入地分析，提出了相应的发展措施。

In the first part, the thesis mainly checks the concept of urban and rural dual structure, manages to give it a philosophic, definition and then lists various conducts of the contradiction. It also analyzes the subjective and objective reasons that cause the Chinese urban and rural contradiction, and dissect the contradiction抯 feature, history, current situation and influence. This part means to explain that China is a prototypic developing country with Chinese characteristic urban and rural dual structure co!~tradiction. The incisive contradiction exists mainly in seriously backward countryside. In the fields of economy, politics, culture etc, it badly affects and restrains our economy and society抯 sustained, rapid and coordinated development manifoldly and omnibearingly.

第一部分从考察城乡二元结构的概念开始，给予城乡二元结构以哲学定义，然后列举了我国城乡矛盾的种种表现，分析了我国城乡矛盾形成的主客观原因，进而剖析了我国城乡矛盾的特征、历史与现状及影响，旨在说明我国是典型的具有中国特色的城乡二元结构矛盾的发展中国家，城乡矛盾极其尖锐，主要表现为农村元严重落后，在经济、政治、文化等方面，多层次全方位地严重影响和制约着我国经济与社会的持续、快速、协调发展。

Then make the comprehensive comment to the objective foundation and realistic margins of the economic development of city country of Ningxias; Analyze the basic situation, characteristics, main illness of the whole industry development and the influence factor of the further developments of Ningxia; Further summing up the practice of Town construction and its interaction with country in Ningxia region, inducing three experiences of the positive interactive development of the city country, namely: to make science programming before city country coordination, to interact surrounding the area of the agriculture science and technology park ,to interact in developing agricultural product industry; to interact Will rely on the capital of city and the system creative ;to interact still exist in the process of the forestation in mountain area ;finally the paper put forward the management counterplans of interaction of the city country of Ningxia, among them generalize the industry organization mode of the interaction development as" five change": the layout centralize, enterprise collectivize , the information globalizes, the industry ecosystem ,the management itemize ;Generalize the operation mechanism as" four move": the enterprise in active, the government push, the industry move together.

文中综述了马克思主义和西方经济学的基本理论观点，我国已有的主要发展模式；对宁夏地区城乡经济发展的客观基础和现实差距进行了综合评述；分析了宁夏全区产业发展的基本态势、特点、主要病症和进一步发展的影响因素等；总结了宁夏城镇建设与农业、农村互动发展的实践，归纳出城乡互动良性发展的三条经验，即：实现城乡统筹协调要有科学规划，围绕农业科技园区建设搞互动，在加快发展农产品加工业中搞互动；将依托首府城市，通过管理体制创新实现互动发展，结合退耕还林还草活动推动山区城乡互动发展，以及发挥小城镇带动作用，城乡共建特色产业实现互动发展，分别作为一个发展模式。最后提出了宁夏地区城乡互动发展的管理对策，其中将互动发展的产业组织模式概括为&五化&：即布局集群化、企业集团化、信息全程化、产业生态化和管理项目化；将运作机制概括为&四动&：即企业主动、政府推动、产业联动、资金滚动。

On the background of city and country space, on the basis of the ecosystem relations and plan theory (such as societal or economical sense theory), the concepts of city and country eco-planning in this thesis emphasized on the space planning combinated nature ecosystem. It was redound the relation between construction and entironment to be more harmonious on the background of market economy. The theory starts with the relation between development and environment. It applied itself to scheme the land and space resources with eco-cyb emetics.

论文中提出的城乡空间生态规划理论就是以城市与乡村整体空间为背景，以各种城乡生态关系为依据，在经济理性、社会理性等各种规划理论的基础上，强调物质空间建设与自然生态协同发展的空间规划，以期达到在以市场经济为主导的背景下更好地实现城乡建设与生态环境和谐的目的；是从城乡互动过程角度与环境的关系等方面进行辨识，沿用生态控制等理论与手法，对城乡空间资源进行配置的理论与方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。