型

While mammals are characterized by male heterogamety 〔XX female, XY male〕, birds are characterized by female heterogamety〔ZZ male, ZW female〕.

哺乳类的特征是雄性异配子，即XX核型为雌性，XY核型为雄性。而鸟类的特征是雌性异配子，即ZZ核型为雄性，ZW核型为雌性。

Chromosomal analysis of skin cells from 8 tufted deer were studied by using primary culture and subculture.We found 4 different karyotypes in all and a new karyotype, different with the others studied before, was found. There were 47 chromosomes in somatic cell of the new karyotype, including a pair of heteromorphic X chromosomes, one was telocentric chromosome, the other was subtelocentric chromosome.

采用原代培养和传代培养方法对来自成都动物园的8头毛冠鹿的皮肤细胞进行了染色体研究，结果出现4种不同的核型，有一种核型与以前所报道的几种核型不一致，确定为新核型（2n=47♀，X染色体为异型，）。

With this method the homomorphic chromosome pair No.10 in Bufo bufo gargarizans could be identified as sex-specific chromosomes of the ZZ/ZW-type.The Z chromosomes in all male animals replicated synchronously,but Z chromosome and W chromosome of females revealed heteromorphic replication pattern.

用这种方法我们鉴定中华大蟾蜍蜍第10对同型染色体为ZZ/ZW型性染色体，所有雄性动物两个Z染色体的复制型是完全相同的，而雌性动物的Z和W染色体显示出异型复制型。

The anatomical study deepens the knowledge of G-type conducting cells: 1 It proves the theory of two depositional process for secondary wall (Bierhorst, 1960): the discontinuous cellulose layer is laid down before the continuous lignified layer; the former layer is prone to be broken down, while the latter is highly decay-resistant; 2 It suggests that the cellulose primary and secondary walls of tracheids are not perforated. Instead of longitudinal pits (Li, 1992), the lignified tracheid secondary wall of Hsüa possesses irregular simple perforations; 3 In Hsüa reflexa and Huia gracilis, the perforation casts may represent the thickness of lignified secondary wall; 4 The wall structure of G-type tracheid is diversified. At the genus level, the secondary wall structure differs in the distribution, internal shape and structure of the perforations; 5 Perforations of some G-type tracheids combine the characters of S-type tracheids in their distribution, density and diameter.

解剖学的研究加深了对G-型输水管胞的认识 1）验证了管胞次生壁分两个阶段形成的理论（Bierhorst，1960），即先后形成不连续的纤维质层和连续的木质化层，前者易被分解，后者抗侵蚀性强；2）证明管胞纤维质的初生壁和次生壁不具穿孔，Hsüa管胞的木质化次生壁具有不规则的简单穿孔，而不是纵列的纹孔（Li，1992）；3）Hsüa reflexa和Huia gracilis的穿孔铸体可代表木质化次生壁的厚度；4）G-型管胞壁层结构具多样性，植物属一级的分异主要表现在次生壁穿孔的分布、孔腔形状和结构的不同；5）某些G-型管胞的穿孔在其分布、密度和孔径方面可兼有S-型管胞的特征。

Compared with the comparison group,the number of children who have positive history of hypersusceptibility and familys disease are markedly different. 2.Compared with the comparison group, the number of children not only between the congruity constitution and non-congruity constitution,but also between the Fei-Pi constitution and Pi-Shen constitution have significant difference.AH the children in CVA group are non-congruity constitution types.Of all the children with Fei-Pi constitution types,there is much more distributing in CVA group than that of comparison group. 3.The criterion of constitution types which is adopted in this research can be recommended in some degree and area. 4. there is a hypothesis that probably the particular constitution which caused the CVA in the episode of CVA.

1、与对照组相比，CVA患儿有过敏史及相关疾病家族史人数比较差异极其显著。2、两组儿童调和质人数和非调和质人数比较差异极其显著，CVA组患儿均为非调和质；CVA组和对照组儿童非调和质中A、B型差异极其显著，CVA组B型体质分布偏多，CVA组与对照组肺脾质儿童中也以CVA组B型体质分布居多。3、本研究所采用的体质分型标准在CVA患儿的体质研究中可以在一定范围内一定程度上采用。4、CVA患儿病因上可能存在体质发病途径。

The percentage of CCA positivity (91.7～100%) is higherin acute icteric hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis andse\ere hepatitis than in acute non-icteric hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis 69.2% and 57.1% respective...

慢性活动型肝炎、急性黄疸型肝炎和肝硬化患者有70～75％的患者CCA值大于正常值5倍以上，而慢性迁延型肝炎和急性无黄疸型肝炎仅有14.28％及15.38％的患者大于此值。作者认为，该项试验对于肝病的诊断和鉴别诊断都有一定的意义。

The results indicated that the thermal stability of thepolymers is greatly associated with the structure of the modified groups.Moreover, the imide- derivatives have greater thermal stability than thecorresponding amide- derivatives. This can provide useful information on thepreparation and processing of this kind of polymers.

用PyGC-MS对酰胺型和酰亚胺型改性聚乙烯在加工条件下的热分解产物进行了定性和定量的测定，结果表明不同改性基团对聚合物热稳定性有很大影响，酰亚胺型改性聚乙烯的热稳定性大于酰胺型，这为该类聚合物的制备加工和应用提供了有用的信息。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The typomorphic characteristics of pyrite, in form, content, thermoelectricity and infrared spectrum of quartz, are instructively significant for prospect.

黄铁矿形态标型、成分标型、热电性标型和石英红外光谱标型特征具有指导找矿意义。

ABSTRACT Generally, there are two kinds of behaviors in intelligent systems: deliberative behavior and reactive behavior.

一般智能系统的行为可分为深思型和反应型两种，深思型注重系统知识的应用，而反应型则更注重系统与环境的交。。。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。