垄断者

Nobody wants to cooperate with monopolist.

没人想和垄断者合作。

Synopsis: Ar Li has followed Kun —a monopolizer of heroin for 8 years, making deep teacher and student relationship.

简介："阿力"8年来一直跟随"昆哥"——海洛因市场的垄断者，与其产生如师徒般的情谊。

The first one is capital barrier, which means a large amount of initial capital for the perfect monopolizer. This prevents the common enterprise from entrance. The second is the technical barrier, i.e. the monopolizer is in control of certain technology and knack while other enterprises not, and then the market naturally become a monopoly market. Scale economy is the most studied technical barrier. The third one is law barrier, i.e. some exclusive patent rights are protected by the law. For example, patent and copyright are the monopolizations protected by the law. The fourth one is tactic barrier, even without any of the above mentioned barriers; it can also set up barriers through other ways, such as huge amount of advertisement investment.

首先是资本壁垒，即完全垄断企业的起始资本量很大，因此一般的企业难以进入；其次是技术性壁垒，即垄断者掌握了某种生产技术和诀窍，其他企业则没有，这个市场也就自然成了垄断市场，规模经济是一种被研究得最多的技术性壁垒；第三是法律壁垒，有些独家经营的特权是由法律所规定并受到法律保护的，专利和版权就是法律特许的垄断；第四是策略性壁垒，企业即使没有上述三种壁垒，也可以通过其他方式高筑壁垒，例如巨额广告投入。

Contrast this with American baseball, where the major league owners had a virtual monopoly of the industry. They did not accept any black players until Branch Rickey broke the color bar in 1947 by promoting Jackie Robinson from the minor leagues to the Brooklyn Dodgers.

将这与美国棒球相比较，美国职棒联盟的所有者在该行业是实际上的垄断者，他们拒绝接受任何黑人球员，直到Branch Ricke从小职业联盟中将Jackie Robinson提升到布鲁克林道奇队，才打破这种对有色人种的歧视。

Microsoft depreciates it may not be a bad idea,"Open a source ", although its are strong monopolist,the key is, but be not however be without adversary, here, we should thank both: It is world software group of like a rising wind and scudding clouds " motion opening a source ", the 2 ethical software companies that are thrive.

微软降价也好，"开源"也罢，关键是尽管其是强势的垄断者，但却并非毫无对手，在此，我们应该感谢两者：一是世界软件界风起云涌的"开源运动"，二是茁壮成长的民族软件企业。

Warrior became cornerer of the political domain, other social strata also had active space of their own.

政治与经济二元分离的格局，使得日本社会资源呈现出多元分配格局，武士成为政治领域的垄断者，其他社会各个阶层也有属于自己的活动空间。

The normal way of the telecom market structure reformation is to open the market to new enterer who will compete with the original monopolist.

但是一直以来，我国对原有电信市场结构改革采取的都是新进入者向原有垄断者竞争的方式。

The emphasis of the paper is on the development of related theory in recent years, such as impermanent reputation in monopolistic market and turnover equilibrium in oligopolistic market, etc.

本文尤其关注最近几年中信誉理论的新进展，如关于垄断者信誉的暂时性、寡头市场上的&周转均衡&机制等。

Automobile industry. Our primary goal is to present a framework that enables one to obtain estimates of demand and cost parameters for a class of oligopolistic differentiated products markets.

我们主要的目的是提供一种框架，这个框架能够使一个人能够评估针需求和成本参数，这个需求和成本参数是针对不同产品市场的市场垄断者的。

Without prejudging the outcome of the trial underway, it seems clear that Microsoft has engaged in practices designed to exploit its position as the almost monopoly in PC operating systems, and has clear intentions of leveraging its position further.

在没有对正在进行的审判进行预测时，微软已经着手想要成为PC机操作系统的垄断者，并由调整这一角色的明显意图。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。