垄断市场

Chapter 4 mainly studies the market conduct of the natural monopolistic industrial organization in China , from the viewpoint of the market structure having influence on the market conduct. This chapter educed that the market conduct of the natural monopolistic industrial organization in China should be ameliorated, that the market conduct of the natural monopolistic industrial organization in China has low-ying, excessive, insufficient and malfeasant competition and so on mainly states from the background of the transforming economy in China.

第4章从市场结构影响市场行为的角度研究了我国自然垄断产业组织的非价格行为，得出了我国自然垄断产业组织的非价格行为有待改进和规范；从我国转轨经济的背景出发，得出了我国自然垄断产业组织非价格行为存在低度、过度、不充分和不当竞争等主要行为态势。

The basis of classical tying theory is leverage theory, which thinks tying can transfer a monopolizer's power from one product market to another product market. In this way, the monopolizer can monopolize two product markets and obtain more profits than single monopoly.

古典搭售理论的基础是杠杆理论，认为搭售可以将垄断者在一个产品市场上的垄断力量传递到另一个产品市场，从而使得垄断者可以同时垄断两个产品市场，获得比单独垄断更多的利润。

A monopoly should be distinguished from monopsony, in which there is only one buyer of a product or service; a monopoly may also have monopsony control of a sector of a market.

垄断应有别于垄断，其中只有一个买方的产品或服务；垄断也可能垄断控制部门的市场。

Firstly, on the basis of analysis for development of industrial organization theory, the paper analyzes natural monopoly for electricity industry respectively from produce rule and determinant method, studying measure methods for monopoly degree for electricity generation market, analyzing quantitatively for natural monopoly output on the terms of cost subadditivity and analyzing current market structure for Chinese electricity industry with "Structure-Conduct-Performance" method of industrial organization theory.

在分析产业组织理论的发展动态的基础上，首先分别从生产规律特点和自然垄断的判定方法对电力产业进行自然垄断分析，研究了发电市场的垄断度的度量方法，依据成本劣可加性的定义对电力产业的自然垄断产出进行量化分析；同时按照产业组织理论的"S-C-P方法"分析了目前中国电力产业的市场结构。

The policy should reform the wage and non-income distributions in different kinds of administrative monopoly departments, reduced the effect of administrative monopoly power on income distribution. The policy should not only broaden the human capital return, but also reduice the inconsequence income gap between different departments. The income structure\'s optimization should include appropriate ratio of wage and non-wage income, the increacement of the income items\' explicitness, standardization, competitory and its encouraging function. The policy should also establish the management mechanism between the price of administrative monopoly product and the increment of administrative monopoly department\'s capital; prevent the problem of income gap by the welfear depression effect of administrative monopoly department.

行政垄断收入分配差距的治理必须首先针对行政垄断部门类型，改革其工资和非工资性收入分配制度，降低行政垄断因素在收入分配中所起的作用；在解决部门内部人力资本回报差距平均化倾向的同时降低行政垄断和非垄断部门间收入差距非合理扩大的状况；优化收入结构，有效处理工资和非工资性收入之间的关系，增加收入项目的透明度和规范性，提高其竞争性和激励作用；建立行政垄断产品提价与行政垄断部门增资的有效管理机制，防止由于行政垄断部门收入对市场福利侵占而导致的收入差距扩大。

This thesis stood at the circumstance of Anti-Monopoly Law, thro ugh the comparison of other countries law, pionting that we should put abusing of intellectual property into two circumstances, one is the trading contract of intellectual property , the other is the owner uses his rights to implete monopoly.

本文旨在立足于我国《反垄断法》立法的现状，通过对国际知识产权公约、美国、欧盟、日本规制知识产权滥用的反垄断法律的比较借鉴，为反垄断委员会在将来制定、发布反垄断指南时提供立法建议，文章主要就反垄断委员会在制定指南时应遵守的基本原则；知识产权经营者滥用市场支配地位；知识产权经营者滥用市场支配地位的不同表现形式；知识产权经营者达成垄断协议限制竞争的行为提供指南立法建议。

Examining the rule of its development is very important, and will play a strategic role in adjusting and controlling the real estate for government macroscopically Real estate is a industry which has very much oligarchic factors.

房地产行业是具有很大垄断因素的行业，根据房地产业的产品异质、资金密集、周期长的特点，推断出房地产业的合理的市场结构形式，应与发达国家的房地产市场结构模式相同——为寡头垄断的市场结构，即由几家左右的企业垄断整个市场的半数甚至更多市场份额。

With the ever-accelerating technological progress, with the market demand expanding increasingly, and with the natural monopolization rends to weaken, people start to study the boundary problem of the natural monopoly industry from the dynamic angle.

传统自然垄断理论以技术不变和市场需求固定为假设前提，来研究自然垄断产业的边界问题，但是随着技术进步日益加快，市场需求不断扩张，自然垄断性趋于弱化的背景下，人们开始从动态的角度来研究自然垄断产业的边界问题了。

Monopoly in period of monopoly capitalism was different with business monopoly: monopoly ally dominate all of economic field, big capitalists collect mint capital, they control price and form the monopoly rein.

此时的垄断与曾经出现过的商业垄断不同之处在于：垄断资本主义时期的垄断联合统治着资本主义经济的一切领域，大资本家手里集中了巨额资本，在一定范围内操纵市场价格，在经济上形成了垄断统治的局面。

The legal economic analysis of monopoly is to discourse what is the monopoly, how to verdict the monopoly and how to value the monopoly by means of the analysis of the market structure.

垄断的法律经济分析是通过对市场结构的分析，对究竟何为垄断、怎样确认垄断以及如何评价垄断现象所进行的论述。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。