垄断市场

This article analyzed the relationship between the advanced technique business enterprise development and the market construction, and pointed out that the market construction making for advanced technique business enterprise was intervenient in the complete competition and complete monopolization.

本文分析了高新技术企业发展创新与市场结构之间的关系，指出有利于高新技术企业发展的市场结构是介于完全竞争和完全垄断之间的市场结构。

Only if the finished-goods market is competitive and a fair environment in the upstream industry for existing firms and potential firms is built, the monopsony behaviors in the intermediated-goods market can be broken.

要打破中间产品市场的买方垄断，必须在下游行业构造可竞争性的市场结构，为上游行业的潜在竞争者进入和在位厂商之间的竞争创造公平的市场环境。

Incident comments on: This event definition the determination of Windows of edition of pilfer of Microsoft blow China, but the software with compositive and numerous on the other hand Windows, suffer the widespread dissatisfaction of market of domestic and international software, if at this moment blow of edition of pilfer of Microsoft reentry travel, what cause then is chain-reacting likely, microsoft is possible antitrust of because of this be charged with, since since antitrust law will be carried out in August, microsoft made the central point that everybody pays close attention to, be accused by the country such as the European Union because of Microsoft antitrust is precedented already, where is follow the same old disastrous road of the congress in whether knowing to be in?

事件点评：此次事件说明了微软打击中国盗版Windows的决心，但是另一方面Windows集成众多的软件，遭到国内外软件市场的普遍不满，如果这时微软再进行盗版打击，那引起的有可能是连锁反应，微软有可能因此而被控告反垄断，自从8月反垄断法实施以来，微软就成为了众人关注的焦点，因为微软被欧盟等国家控告反垄断已有先例，不知道是否在中国会重蹈覆辙呢？

The real estate market and the stock market as easily lead to price-fixing behavior, which is outside the real estate market requires government regulation of the reason why.

房地产市场和股票市场一样容易导致价格垄断行为，这是外面的房地产市场需要政府监管的原因。

As natural monopoly industry, on the one hand, tap water industry has the distinguishing features: network motion, precipitating cost, public good, subadditivity, and externality.

作为自然垄断行业，一方面，自来水行业具有明显的网络运行、沉淀成本、公益性、成本弱可加性以及外部性等特点，客观上要求实施政府管制，以克服"市场失灵"；另一方面，自来水行业又具有市场范围的地域界限性和不同区域服务水平、服务质量的差异性以及产品使用的私人特性，使得在该行业中引入市场竞争机制成为可能。

This paper analyzes the characteristics of publishing markets in the conditions of monopolistic competition and collusive oligopoly.

本文分别考察了垄断竞争和寡头垄断条件下出版市场的特征。（浙江大学传播研究所，杭州，310028

Figure 3 Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition Monopolistically Competitive Firm Price MC Markup Perfectly Competitive Firm Price MC ATC ATC P P = MC Marginal cost MR Demand P = MR 0 Quantity produced Efficient scale Quantity 0 Quantity produced = Efficient scale Quantity Excess capacity

图3。 垄断竞争和完全竞争垄断竞争企业价格价格加成价格完全竞争企业 MC ATC P = MC MC ATC 边际成本 P = MR 需求曲线 MR 生产量有效规模需求产量生产量=有效规模产量过剩市场能力

Based on the analysis of the development process of industrial organization, this article explores the reasons for co-existence of oligopolies and middle and small businesses in the structure of well-developed industrial organization, and the reasons of dominance alternate within an industry.

对于那些成熟的且具有规模经济的产业来说，除自然垄断的产业外，其产业组织结构往往是寡头垄断与中小企业并存。1产业组织的发展过程产业组织指生产和经营同类产品及其可替代产品的同一产业内的企业，以及企业与市场之间的相互关系及其发生、发展、变化的过程。

Chinese sports professionization falls behind a lot contrast with the developed country Seeing that the condition of our country,most Chinese sports items haven't transformed through the original system to the profession system, the heavy responsibility of constructing the 21C sports project drops to the two kinds of systems Under the great environment of the sports developing, people has been considering the development of the Chinese sports, and expound various kinds of concepts The most projecting one among them is that the "whole national system "is the result of the planned economy, so it has to be reformed; The"whole national game system" does not accord with the developing demand of the market economy, and it should be banned, etc Furthermore, everything should be in accordance with the functioning means of the market economy Whatever country, they combat putting into practice of "admimstrational monopoly", as "monopoly" brings "looking for hireing" and "corruption", it nips the contest in marketplace.

我国由于受体制、经济条件等多方面因素的影响，竞技运动职业化相对于发达国家落后了很多。鉴于我国国情。我国大部分竞技项目还没有能从原有体制向职业化体制转换过来，这就使我国建设21世纪体育工程的重任落在两种制度上。在这样一个竞技体育发展的大环境背景下，人们对中国竞技体育的发展进行了思考，提出了各种各样的观点，其中，最为突出的是，认为中国的&举国体制&是计划经济的产物，必须进行改革：&全运会制度&不符合市场经济发展的要求，应该取缔等，一切都应该按照市场经济的方式来进行运作。任何一个国家，都反对实行&行政垄断&，因为&垄断&带来的是&寻租&、&腐败&，是对市场竞争的扼杀。

As a kind of market structures, natural monopoly has been studied for a long time. In the thought of economics, ideologists researched natural monopoly on the natural characters.

自然垄断作为一种市场结构，其理论已经得到了极大的重视和长足发展，从早期经济思想史上的自然条件决定论到新古典经济学范围内的传统自然垄断理论，在后者范围内，又经历了从规模经济到范围经济，再发展到高度抽象的成本次可加性理论。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。