垄断制度

Through more than sixty years practice and development the Japans Anti-monopoly Law has formed its own feature dramatically.

通过制度的建设，提高公众对于反垄断原理的认识和理解，明确什么是反垄断法允许的，什么法律是禁止的。

The century from Henry VIII to James I claimed a period of the most effective press censorship in early modern England. Royal charters, patents monopoly, licensing system and registration in the Stationers'Company all became powerful methods for censorship.

从亨利八世到詹姆士一世的一个世纪是英国对出版管制最有效的时期：王室特权、专利垄断、许可制度和书商公会的注册登记都成为审查的有力手段。

Diminishing or exempting public law responsibility to persuade cartel members to surrender or charge against other person's illegal acts,the leniency program in anti-monopoly law has proved itself as an effective mechanism available internationally to investigate and crack down on cartels.

反垄断从宽处理制度旨在减免公法责任以吸引卡特尔成员主动投案并揭发他人的违法事实，是国际上通行的一种发现和打击卡特尔的有效机制。

A system should be established to control the selfinterest of government.The economic power and legislation of government should be limited and the supervision should be strengthened.On the other hand,competition and marketization mechanism should be introduced in government,and the monoply of adminstration should be broken.The rule by law and marketization operation could help to impro...

因此，要治理政府失灵，必须从制度上克制其自利性，一方面限制政府经济职权范围和立法活动，并加强对政府行为的监督；另一方面引入竞争机制，打破行政垄断，移植市场化的经营模式改进政府运作，通过法治化和市场化的手段提高政府干预经济活动的效率。

Russia has little difficulty in supporting airstrikes against a common enemy, the Taliban. But any American move against, say, Iraq may be another story.Another problem is that many of the people who matter in Russia still think very differently from Mr Putin.

在过去的十年间很多人已经得利于俄罗斯传统的保护主义、官僚机构和垄断企业，他们不愿看到这些既有体制被拆除，从而像普京所鼓励的那样建立更利于国际竞争、开放、常规和可信的制度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。