垄断

Cartels usually occur in an oligopolistic industry, where there are a small number of sellers and usually involve homogeneous products.

企业联合通常发生在市场垄断产业，有很小数量的卖主和通常介入同类的产品。

The banking system will be less competitive and more oligopolistic.

银行体系竞争的激烈程度将有所下降，寡头垄断程度将有所上升。

Oligopolistic market structure of west country was formatted at the beginning of 20th century.

西方国家寡头垄断市场结构大致形成于 19 世纪末 20 世纪初。

This method is suitable for oligopolistic industry or public goods sectors whose decision needs to integrate economic and social factors.

该指数适用于寡头垄断行业或需要综合考虑经济效益、社会影响的社会公共品行业。

Even more alarming is the trend towards higher degrees of monopoly or oligopolistic concentration within the manufacturing and corporate sector.

更令人忧虑的是制造业与企业部门走向垄断或寡占集中的趋势。

Uncertainty in oligopolistic markets can be reduced by collusion.

不确定性在市场垄断市场上可能被阴谋减少。

These estimates can be obtained using only widely available product-level and aggregate consumer-level data, and they are consistent with a structural model of equilibrium in an oligopolistic industry.

这些评估能够获得，从非常宽泛的、可以获得的产品层面和消费层面的数据，并且他们和一种垄断产业的均衡结构模型相适应。

Estimates from our framework can be obtained using only widely available product-level and aggregate consumer-level data, and they are consistent with a structural model of equilibrium in an oligopolistic industry.

这些评估能够获得，从非常宽泛的、可以获得的产品层面和消费层面的数据，并且他们和一种垄断产业的均衡结构模型相适应。

If such major industries as oil, steel, and aluminum really have the oligopolistic muscle imputed to them, one can only conclude that their pricing policies have been remarkably restrained.

如果这些大型企业如石油、钢铁、铝业等确实有寡头垄断的实力却无法提价，我们只能得出结论：他们的定价权受到了明显的限制。

In the last part,the robust optimization formulation for dealing with production cost uncertainty in an oligopolistic market scenario is considered.

在第五章中，我们讨论生产成本不确定条件下，寡头垄断竞争市场产品供应商鲁棒收益最优化问题。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。