垄断

In the process that moves toward market economy, industry of Chinese natural monopoly and enterprise after all does whereto go?

在走向市场经济的过程中，中国自然垄断产业和企业究竟向何处去？

Such liberal thought as survived the success of the Revolution carried on the spirit of Locke's philosophy most truly in respect to religious toleration…With some lip-service to Locke, Whiggism in the eighteenth century represented quite subsidiary elements of his Treatise: that the powers of government remain indefeasibly in the organs where they have once been placed…and that government is at bottom a balance of the vested interests of the realm: crown, landed aristocracy, and corporations…The monopoly of power by the landowning class was contrary not only to Locke's theory of individual rights but also to his theory of the importance of property in general 496-497

当然，理论与现实的距离永远存在。洛克思想的复杂性也决定了其影响的复杂性。比如在英国，18世纪的辉格党虽口头上标榜洛克的学说，但实际上却采用了他的一些次要思想，如关于政府权力一旦确定，就不可取消地永远由该机构所拥有的思想；而权力的平衡归根到底却成了王国既得利益势力、王室、土地贵族和公司的权力平衡，其中土地所有者阶级垄断权力的状况也违反了洛克关于一般个人权利，特别是关于财产权利的学说（《思想史》，192-193；《自由主义》，180）。

However, WinTel's monopoly charges limit how far PC prices.

但是，Wintel联盟垄断定价限制了个人电脑的价格。

However, WinTel's monopolycharges limit how far PC prices.

但是，Wintel联盟垄断定价限制了个人电脑的价格。

Hardware and software companies innovated in an ecosystem that the Wintel duopoly tightly controlled and—in spite of the bugs and crashes—used to reap vast economies of scale and profits.

这样，硬件和软件公司就只能在微软的windows和intel共同打造的wintel垄断模式的生态环境中创新了，尽管有大大小小的毛病，wintel还是获得了大量的利润。

Hardware and software companies innovated in an ecosystem that the Wintel duopoly tightly controlled and-in spite of the bugs and crashes-used to reap vast economies of scale and profits.

硬件和软件公司的革新在Wintel的两强垄断的生态系统中紧紧控制，尽管缺乏稳定性并且经常出错，却也获取了规模和利润经济。

Most American medicament companies has signed the contract with the whole institute department, accentually, it is a kind of learning monopolization.

美国大多数的药剂公司和整个学术部门签订了合同，实质上是一种学术垄断。

In addition, it would raise a host of regulatory and legal problems that no acquirer, including Microsoft, would want to inherit.

在这种情况下，无论是微软还是其他主动收购方，都不愿看到自己收购后的公司还与反垄断调查有所牵连。

Theoretically this is not aimed at any particular kind of acquirer, and would not block well-conceived deals, but that, of course, was said about the monopoly law as well.

理论上，这并非针对某些特定的收购者，并且不会阻碍合理的交易，当然，这部垄断法也是这样。

And the investigation that the collaboration of Gu Ge and Yahoo is sufferring American antitrust branch, yahoo is obliged to continue to strive for affined.

而谷歌与雅虎的合作正遭到美国反垄断部门的调查，雅虎只得继续争取同盟。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。