垄断

The company now has a stranglehold on the market.

这家公司现在垄断了市场。

The company now had a stranglehold on the market.

这家公司现在垄断了市场。

An abstract painter whose canvases dominated the local art shows and who herself autocratically administered the town artists' association, a poet published in the county newspaper, in her day the college's leading politically active opponent of bomb shelters, of strontium 90, eventually of the Vietnam

一个其油画创作垄断当地画展，而本来又独断专行地统治著本城艺术家协会的女人，一个在郡报纸上发表诗作的女诗人，一个年轻时是学院政治上积极反对炸弹、锶 9 0 ，直到后来反越战的领袖级人物，有主见、个性执拗、不善圆通

Moreover, the increasing returns to scale and subadditivity of cost that characterize natural monopoly will be easily destroyed.

这便违背自然垄断产业多元化改革实现厂商效率和社会福利水平增进的初衷。

In the light that the existing trading cost leads to a total average cost U curve, the increasing demand results in a decline of sunk cost, the thesis identifies the subadditivity, works out the property of"limited competition", defines the meaning of"limited competition"and the economic characteristics of co-existing of private product and public product, monopoly and competition.

论文从交易成本存在导致基础设施产业的平均总成本呈U型曲线、市场需求增加导致沉淀成本减少的角度，论证了基础设施产业成本劣加性的淡化，建立了"有限竞争"的产业属性，界定了基础设施产业"有限竞争"的涵义及私人产品与公共产品并存、垄断与竞争并存的经济特征。

As natural monopoly industry, on the one hand, tap water industry has the distinguishing features: network motion, precipitating cost, public good, subadditivity, and externality.

作为自然垄断行业，一方面，自来水行业具有明显的网络运行、沉淀成本、公益性、成本弱可加性以及外部性等特点，客观上要求实施政府管制，以克服"市场失灵"；另一方面，自来水行业又具有市场范围的地域界限性和不同区域服务水平、服务质量的差异性以及产品使用的私人特性，使得在该行业中引入市场竞争机制成为可能。

A government monopolizing land leads to the submartingale of expected house price if it holds short-term target, which would increase the speculating demand of house.

垄断土地所有权的政府如果具有短期政绩目标函数，他们对土地的控制会使房地产预期价格具有不断上涨的下鞅性，这会提高住房的投机性需求。

Beijing time on November 6 " commercial weekly publication " the article points out, compete to maintain the fairness of the market, the search advertisement cooperation with the good Gu Ge and Yahoo plan name with antitrust strangles American judiciary in swaddle.

北京时间11月6日《商业周刊》文章指出，为了保持市场的公平竞争，美国司法部以反垄断的名义将谷歌和雅虎计划好的搜索广告合作扼杀在襁褓之中。

Not so much the monopoly of the market as it is received the tacit approval of the relevant departments.

与其说是市场的垄断，不如说是得到了有关部门的默许。

Because of the limitation of the times, the advantage theory did not recognize the importance of tacitness of knowledge, the source of knowledge and accumulation effect of knowledge. It did not reflect the function that the enterprises possess to transfer the tacit knowledge efficiently and the impact of knowledge on FDI. The role of subsidiaries of creation of knowledge is neglected. It did not give enough explanations to the overseas investment of small and medium-sized enterprises.

但是由于时代的局限性，垄断优势论对知识的隐含本质、知识的来源和知识的累积效应缺乏足够的认识，使得这个理论没有反映出企业所拥有的并擅长的进行隐性知识转移的功能，忽视了子公司在知识创造中的作用，没有充分考虑到对外直接投资的知识效应，并且无法对中小企业海外投资进行有效的解释。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。