垄断

This specific monopsony often appeares in the public enterprises of natural monopoly or administrative monopoly.

这种特有的买方垄断现象多出现在自然垄断或行政垄断的公用事业部门。

The dissertation analyses administrative monopsony phenomena under transition economy system in China combined with economic actualities in our country.

对中间产品市场及其买方垄断的相关概念进行了界定，放松了卡尔顿的过于强调买主数目的买方垄断概念的定义，指出在现实经济中，更为常见的是寡头买方垄断现象。

But in the movement of increasing boost concentration ratios of retailing, the regulation of monopsony is undoubted focus of antitrust policy of every country, therefore the research of the problem will become focus of the field of Industrial Organization.

在国内首次尝试运用买方垄断的理论框架对中间产品市场的买方垄断行为进行一般性分析，并在此基础上以产业链中的制造业一零售业环节为例，具体分析这个产业链环节中存在的买方垄断现象，并探讨其形成的机理。

One, accelerate forestall industry to manage system to reform pace to want to perfect the industry such as telegraphic, electric power, civil aviaton to reform measure, enlarge the market to permit person range, enact policy of relevant form a complete set and measure, timely publish postal system to reform scheme, clutch make railroad system reform scheme, perfect and nicotian industry runs system, advance the urban public utility such as water supply, air feed commercialize a process, strengthen the superintendency of pair of forestall industries and forestall behavior and jurisprudence construction.

一、加快垄断行业管理体制改革步伐要完善电信、电力、民航等行业改革措施，扩大市场准人范围，制定相关配套政策及措施，适时出台邮政体制改革方案，抓紧制定铁路体制改革方案，完善烟草行业管理体制，推进供水、供气等城市公用事业的市场化进程，加强对垄断行业和垄断行为的监管及法律体系建设。

This article expounds the reason of forming administrative monopoly aswell as its perniciousness, and it should be regulated by means of laws,besides, proposes that the most direct and effective measure is to establishantimonopoly law as well as specific tentative plans regarding how toregulate administrative monopoly by way of antimonopoly law.

本文分析了行政垄断的形成原因及危害，提出应以法律的手段对行政垄断进行调控，当前最直接、最行之有效的方法就是制定反垄断法，对如何以反垄断法调控行政垄断提出了具体的设想。

As this dissertation' s viewpoints, the traditional assumed hypotheses are not realistic any more, so the traditional conclusions of monopoly are somewhat biased, which needs a new theory to modify it, and reanalyze the monopoly together with the antitrust, so to represent the market objectively.

本文认为，传统理论的假设前提已经不能正确的反映现实情况，因此，有关垄断的结论在一定程度上失之偏颇，需要运用新的理论进行补充和完善，并重新分析有关垄断和反垄断的问题，以客观反映现实情况。

Along with development of natural monopoly theories, it is necessary to reinvestigate traditional natural monopoly profession in our country according to classification of natural monopoly .

沿着自然垄断理论发展的进路，有必要依据自然垄断的分类对我国传统自然垄断行业重新考察。

Economic GRC is mainly to prevent from repeating construction and over competition, that is to make the social production cost smallest through restricting the competitors' entry and protect the monopoly market structure. This is because the natural monopoly industry has the characteristics of subadditivity.

政府的经济规制主要是对自然垄断产业的价格规制，也就是根据自然垄断成本次可加的特性，通过限制竞争者的进入维护产业的垄断结构，避免重复建设和过度竞争，使社会生产的成本尽量达到最低。

The anti-trust laws developed in the times of in-dustrial economy lack the specific rules respecting intellectual property monopoly. So that every country at-tempts to deal with the issue by extending legal interpretation and applying analogism so as to apply the currentanti-trust rules to intellectual property monopoly.

而产生并发展于工业经济时代的反垄断法，并无针对知识产权垄断的具体规则，世界各国普遍尝试通过延伸法律解释与类推适用的方法，将已有反垄断规则适用于知识产权垄断。

In a specific industry, there possibly coexist monopolistic competition markets, collusive oligopoly markets and monopoly markets.

在一个特定产业内部，可能会有垄断竞争市场、寡头垄断市场和完全垄断市场并存的情况。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。