垂直轴

It comprises an in-put shaft hinged to its yoke through one axis, and an out-put shaft also hinged to its yoke through another axis, and these two yokes (13) were combined together by only one axis position, perpendicular to that two yoke axes like a cross, so that this combined axis will bend just like the angle bisector of that two shafts to maintain its constant velocity by a few methods, firstly, by using a section of gear teeth mesh at both ends of the shafts' teeth were so polished so that it can turn longitudinally as usual gear, and also sideways, to provide a larger solid angle of turning from ordinary 45 degrees into 60 or even more.

它包括输入轴，其通过一根轴铰链连接于叉形支架，和输出轴，其通过另一根轴也铰链连接于其叉形支架。并且这两个叉形支架(13)只需用一根相对垂直铰链轴相连而组合在一起，使得这种组合的轴总能形成这两个轴的角平分线，以通过少数几种方法保持其恒速，首先，通过用啮合在轴的两端的一段齿轮齿抛光为以能够像普通齿轮一样纵向转动，并且还能够侧向转动，以提供较大的转向立体角，从通常的45度变成60度或更大。

Use moment of inertia terms to rigid oval ring around the long axis and the short axis of the moment of inertia, and then use orthogonal axis theorem calculation rigid oval ring around the ring with the vertical plane through the central axis and the moment of inertia.

运用转动惯量定义计算出椭圆环刚体绕长轴和短轴的转动惯量，然后用正交轴定理计算椭圆环刚体绕垂直与环平面且通过中心轴的转动惯量。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

Along extrusion direction, the isobar in groove becomes to perpendicular to mandrel axis from perpendicular to groove, while the isobar in annulus clearance becomes to perpendicular to mandrel axis from inclining to mandrel axis.

沿挤出方向，螺槽中熔体的压力等值线由垂直于螺槽逐渐变为垂直于轴向，环形间隙中熔体的压力等值线由倾斜于轴向逐渐变为垂直于轴向。

III Investigations of ferromagnetic alloy films by XMCD1. By using XMCD and SQUID magnetometry, the spin and orbital moments of Fe and Co in the Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)(50nm) are studied. Compared with single-element film, the spin moment of Co remains constant while that of Fe reduced from 1.98 to 1.63μB. The contributions of different elements in the film is, m_ : m_ - 10.5 : 89.5. The average magnetic moment (1.90μB) determined by XMCD is in agreement with that (1.82μB) obtained from SQUID measurements. Utilizing XMCD spectra in-plane element-dependent magnetic anisotropy in Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1) films has been investigated. Apart from known field-induced easy axis during film growth, a soft axis perpendicular to it was observed, and hard axes are 66° away from the easy axis.

利用XMCD谱研究了50nm Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)薄膜，结果发现：样品中Fe、Co元素对磁化强度的贡献比为10.5∶89.5；由XMCD获得的合金平均原子磁矩1.90μ_B与用SQUID磁强计得到的合金平均原子磁矩1.82μ_B基本相符；对Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)薄膜面内元素分辨的磁各向异性的研究发现，除了在生长的磁诱导方向存在易磁化轴外，与该轴垂直的方向还存在一个类似易轴的软磁化轴；面内的两个难磁化轴与易磁化轴取向大约成66°夹角，构成面内双轴磁各向异性，并根据XMCD结果对面内双轴形成的原因进行了分(来源：Ad2BC82论文网www.abclunwen.com)析。2。

The method is :there are two perpendicular axes whose distance are controlled ,one is the axis of work table, the other is fixed with a microscope for aiming.

该测量方法是：两个相互垂直且间距可调的数控回转轴，一轴与工件的回转中心重合，另一轴上固定可移动的瞄准显微镜，当显微镜瞄准被测孔时，两轴的转角由各自的圆光栅测出，两轴之间的角度位置确定曲面壳体零件上小孔的孔位置，同时采用CCD摄像头，利用图象处理技术实现小孔的尺寸测量。

An object, which is located in the plane perpendicularly to the optical axis going through the main

一个垂直于光轴的物体通过主点H，在垂直于光轴的平面上形成一个放大一倍的像。

The PZT plates were polarized in thickness direction. By using the deformation in the plane perpendicular to the direction of polarization, the rotation around Z axis was generated when the torsional vibration around Z axis mode was excited. And the rotation around X axis or Y axis was generated by combining the longitudinal vibration mode and the bending vibtration mode.

利用压电陶瓷在垂直极化方向平面内的变形，激励定子绕Z轴的扭转振动模态，实现转子绕Z轴的转动；激励在定子中固有频率接近、振动方向相垂直的伸缩振动模态和弯曲振动模态，并通过振动的叠加使定子末端质点产生绕X轴或者Y轴的椭圆运动，实现转子绕水平轴的转动。

Firstly, triaxial compression creep tests with mica-quartzose schist which is a kind of soft metamorphic rock with lots of schistosity surfaces were carried out on the rock servo-controlling rheology testing machine under the condition of the axial stress vertical to the direction of the schistosity surface.

首先，对片理发育的软弱变质岩—云母石英片岩，在轴向力与片理垂直的条件下，采用岩石全自动流变伺服仪进行了三轴压缩蠕变试验，对轴向蠕变和径向蠕变进行了对比分析，提出径向蠕变比轴向蠕变敏感，以径向蠕变长期强度作为长期强度更合理。

In this paper, several methods are put forward, by which axial resolution of scan microscope could be improved. One is that detecting method of ordinary laser feedback is improved, the orthogonal polarized lights split by Wollaston prism are detected separately, comparing to the ordinary feedback, the axial resolution is improved about 2.9 times.

提出并实验研究了几种可以提高激光反馈扫描显微镜轴向分辨率的方法，一种方法是对常规激光反馈实验中的探测技术进行了改进，用渥拉斯顿棱镜把垂直偏振光分开探测，轴向分辨率可以提高约 2 9倍；另一种方法是用双频激光器中产生的偏振态相互垂直的o光和e光作为反馈光代替了传统的单一光的反馈，轴向分辨率被提高了约 2倍；第三种方法是用双频激光器中产生的o光或e光作为反馈光，轴向分辨率可以提高约 2 5倍。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。