垂直距离

The design spectra are given for different ranges of epicentral distance.

最后将所筛选的近震资料依震央距离的远近作细分，建立嘉南地区的水平向与垂直向近震设计反应谱。

The vertical height of transmission for each set of flectional helix conveyer will be as high as 10m and the horizontal distance will be 25m.

单台可弯曲螺旋输送机输送物料，垂直高度可达10米，水平距离可达25米。

To reduce the marking distortion , using the vertical 2 - dimension galvanometer distributing and f field lens focalize , the distance of the second galvanometer to the machining plane is the focus f . to avoid too hign temperature to distroy the resonance cavity because of too long marking time , cooling system and self - protector is used in the design

为减少打标畸变，采用垂直二维振镜分布， f物镜聚焦，将激光束经第二个振镜反射后到加工平面的距离为焦距f ，为了避免打标时间过长，温度过高破坏谐振腔，在设计中加上冷却系统和自我保护装置。

Concrete pump is a construction device which pumps concrete depending on the pressure in the pipe. It is able to complete horizontal and vertical transportation continuously at the same time and it has charateristics of high effiency, labor saving, low cost, long transportation distance, and high pumpage. Concrete pump is an perfect device for modern transportation, especially for the confined sites and construction fields filled with roadblock where other transportation tools cant get close to directorly.

混凝土泵是通过管道依靠压力输送混凝土的施工设备，它能一次连续地完成水平运输和垂直运输，输送效率高、劳动力省、费用低，混凝土泵运输距离长，单位时间内的输送量大，尤其对于一些工地狭窄和障碍物的施工现场，用其他运输工具难以直接靠近施工工程，混凝土泵则能有效地发挥作用，是较为理想的一种现代混凝土输送设备。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

Vertical relations should be counteracted by trade barriers and geographical distance.

垂直关系应该由贸易壁垒与地理上的距离所抵消。同时，表4显示在亚洲和欧洲与北美以外的发达国家显示出了从他们在瑞典的母公司进口的最高程度的倾向。

The results show that at close distances, the field waveform is dependent strongly on azimuth; at distance of several hundreds, the ratio of the peak error values at two azimuths may be bigger than 2; at the distance of 1 km, the mean error is less than 10% with a maximum value of 50%.

结果表明，回击电磁场随方位角的变化非常明显，在距闪电通道几百米距离，误差可达2倍；在1 km处，闪电通道的垂直假定对时域回击辐射场峰值计算的相对误差最大为50%左右，平均小于10%。

Analysis is made on block effect to cutters of PDC bit with 3 factors: different top shape,cutter-distributing and wearing degree.By the interaction(radial range and altitude difference of each cutter) of three adjacent cutters,the cutter block is further analyzed with these factors,but wearing degree is simplified to be considered as the cutters vertical to the assembling plane.

中文摘要：对PDC钻头冠部形状及不同的布齿密度和切削齿在不同的磨损状态下对PDC钻头切削齿受力的影响进行了分析；用相邻的3个切削齿之间的关系（不同的切削齿与切削齿之间的径向距离和切削齿之间的高度差）来分析PDC钻头冠部形状和切削齿布齿密度对切削齿受力的影响，以及将切削齿的磨损状态简化成与切削齿在钻头上装配方向垂直的平面来分析切削齿磨损状态对切削齿受力的影响。

The southwest vortex restricted the development of the plateau vortex in some way at the early stage when it appeared in the lower atmosphere. When they were coupled longitudinally, the vertical difference caused by the different vorticity advections between the upper and lower levels excitated the updrafts under 500 hPa and strengthened cyclone vorticity, and then the positive vorticity at 500 hPa and 700 hPa increased by two times The change rate of positive vorticity facilitated the plateau vortex to move eastward.

分析表明：高原涡与西南涡涡心之间的纬向距离在5个纬度的时候，两者上升气流都在500 hPa以下，当两者继续东移，在经向上耦合的时候，二者同时得到发展，西南涡中心的上升气流达到300 hPa，而高原涡中心的上升气流突破200 hPa；西南涡在低层出现初期，在一定程度上制约了高原涡的发展，随着两者在经向方向发生耦合，上下涡度平流不同造成垂直差动，将激发500 hPa以下的上升运动与气旋性涡度加强，使得500 hPa与700 hPa涡心正涡度值的增大近 1倍。

It is a serious faultin a dog that must face briars.

前腿：从前面观察，垂直，但距离不过分宽。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。