垂直扩展

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

Key words : loess collapsibility ; vertical joint ; crack extension ; physical simulation test

关键 词：黄土湿陷性；垂直节理；裂隙扩展；物理模拟试验

To compensate for the incomplete projection data, polynomial interpolation method is proposed to deduce more projection data from the available ones. Furthermore ,with the Chapman model assumption of electron density distribution, a method to expand the view angle and evalute the projection data under low elevation angle is presented.

本文提出了用多项式插值的方法增加接收站观测数据，并根据对电离层垂直方向Chapman模型的假设，提出了扩展投影角度的方法，以估算观测中无法得到的低仰角投影数据。

On account of this expansion, the problem on selection of upper limit of integration in the SQRI method when it is used in matrix displays is solved, and the requirement of horizon resolution being the same as vertical resolution on TV image is also theoretically explained.

第三，把SQRI法由一维扩展到二维，解决了该方法应用于矩阵显示器件时积分上限的选取问题，并据此从理论上解释了要求电视图象水平分辨率和垂直分辨率一致的问题。

There is obvious vertical wind shear in the former, since in the low layer its cyclonic convergence is caused by three currents from southwest, southeast and north respectively, while in the upper layer its divergence is mainly due to strong northeasterly current.

随着对流的发展，垂直运动的最大值区所在的位置向上伸展，饱和层与中性层也不断向上扩展，对流层中层的中性层结既是对流发展的结果，又可能是其维持机制之一；d。

Because the optical system of optical characteristics and the nature of the launch of the optical microscope is not the true meaning of the linear shift-invariant systems, the PSF is usually perpendicular to the optical axis in the xy plane was the distribution of radial symmetry, but the direction along the z axis significant expansion.

因为光学系统的特点和发射光的性质决定了光学显微镜不是真正意义上的线性移不变系统，所以PSF通常在垂直于光轴的x-y平面上呈径向对称分布，但沿z光轴方向具有明显的扩展。

The results indicate that, the inte r face of laminated composites plays a significant role in fatigue crack growth. T he fatigue crack propagation is arrested by the interface delamination in the ex plosive bonded LY12 laminate.

结果表明，层合板中的层间界面性能对其疲劳性能具有重要影响，在LY1 2 爆炸复合板中，垂直板面L-S取向和L-T取向的疲劳裂纹在扩展过程中都发生了明显的止裂。

Creep cracks seem always to initiate at inherent casting pores and slowly propa-gate anisotropically along the (001) planes, perpendecular to axis of stress applied, upto the final fast fracture. Creep cracks can also nucleate at fractured carbides or at in-terfaces between carbides and matrix in the alloys containing more carbon.

结果表明：单晶的蠕变断裂具有明显的晶体学特征，蠕变裂纹总是从已有的铸造的显微疏松处萌生；对于含碳量较高的材料，碳化物及其与基体的界面也是裂纹萌生的有利位置；这些已萌生的裂纹在外加应力轴垂直的(001)面上各向异性地扩展，直到由于承载截面的逐渐减小而导致最终破坏。

In the recent years, with the increasing excavation depth and the truth of double-level mining, drifts were strongly deformed and severely damaged in the second mine block in the Jinchuan mine. Some drifts couldn't be used normally even being repaired for many times. The geostatic emergence is very obvious. The crevasses in the surface have been occurred and enlarged quickly.

近年来，金川主力矿山二矿区随着采掘深度的不断加深以及双中段回采，水平矿柱与垂直矿柱已经形成，其地压显现明显，巷道工程变形破坏严重，个别严重地段经多次返修都无法正常使用，地表裂缝出现并加速扩展，采场与充填体时有冒顶发生。

If you cann't establish it in time, you will lost this part of market. China had spent two years on discussed about which need be first developed satellite transmission or cable. At last decision is cable transmission first according to the situation of a country. And descramble system adpot DVB-CI of Europe.

经过20年左右的探索，日本，欧洲，美国三个主要集团在HDTV的技术方面走着不同的路线。70年代开始日本就提出自己的HDTV方案，在此方案中，电视画面的垂直分解力提高到1125行，水平清晰度也相应提高，传送的信息量是NTSC制电视信号的5倍，同时把图像的宽高比从4：3扩展到16：9，使视野开阔，可获得较强的临场感觉。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。