垂

Rappelling, though usually mundane, is exceedingly dangerous. Rappelling off the end of a rope, as happened to Peruchini, is all too common and nearly always fatal.

垂降几乎是每次爬岩都要做的例行工作，但危险性仍然是相当高的，虽然要防范垂降的意外事故并不困难，但是讽刺的是，我们仍旧时常听到类似的不幸案例，而且通常都是致命的结果。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

Based on the thorough study of sources and characteristics of the three errors in laser collimation technology, an error correction method by integrating multi-point detection, multi-variant polynomial step-by-step regression analysis and adaptive noise-elimination is proposed. The influences of beam drift, bending and whipping are taken into consideration to enhance the stability of plumb datum line.

在深入分析激光准直技术中三项主要误差因素来源及其特性的基础上，提出了利用多点监测、多元多项式逐步回归分析法与自适应除噪技术相结合的综合修正方案，建立铅垂基准线的修正模型，综合考虑了激光漂移、光线弯曲以及随机抖动等因素的影响，从而有效提高了铅垂基准线的稳定度。

The method divides block along the intersection edge of joint faces and neglects the vertical shear force between dividing-blocks i.e. takes horizontal normal force and shear force into account; as to an assumed sliding direction, by satisfying vertical force equilibrium of every dividing-block and whole force equilibrium in the sliding direction, the factor of stability can be solved.

基于此，提出分块极限平衡分析法，该方法沿非临空面交棱将块体进行分块，在忽略分块间的垂向剪力（即可考虑分块间的水平法向力和剪切力）前提下，通过满足各分块的垂向力平衡和滑动方向上的总体力平衡，求解特定滑动方向的稳定系数。

The boy had given him two fresh small tunas, or albacores, which hung on the two deepest lines

男孩给了他两条新鲜的小鲔鱼，或叫青花鱼，现在它们都像铅垂似的挂在两条垂得最深的在

Firstly several vehicle dynamics models and tire models are analysed. Combining with the present condition and studying require, 3 dynamic differential functions about bodyworks velocity, roll and vertical displacement are gained. Furthermore based on the following rear wheel rev function and front-and-rear wheels vertical moving function, a 6-DOF, two wheels, lognitudinal dynamics model of the bus is set up.

本文首先对几种车辆动力学模型和轮胎模型进行了分析，结合现有条件和研究需要，得到关于汽车车身的速度、俯仰角和垂向位移的3个动力学微分方程，结合利用Simulink得到的前后轮垂向运动方程和将在后续研究中给出的后轮转速方程，建立了客车两轮6自由度纵向动力学模型。

Servo motor with outage brake is adopted in the braking device,adding an external outage brake on the plumb shaft of CNC machine,and the external outage brake is fixed on the upside of ball screw.

数控机床垂向滚珠丝杠制动装置采用带失电制动器的伺服电动机，再在数控机床的铅垂轴上，增加一个外置失电制动器。

In the design of he feed motion's drive system,it should be removed that the longitudinal and the traverse and the vertical feed change gears.

进给传动系统设计中，拆除纵向、横向、垂向进给箱齿轮，在该处将手轮轴通过一对减速齿轮和纵向、横向及垂向步进电机相连。

Settlement characteristics are studied based on formula of suspended sediment settling velocity and previous research results. Results show that the suspended sediment flux quickly decreases from the Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Although the suspended sediments are primarily transported towards the offshore area, net transport towards the Hangzhou Bay is also found in the study area. The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.Incipient velocity and transport flux of surface sediments are analyzed using formulas of incipient velocity and transport flux. Transport trend and controlling factors of surface sediments are studied by the method of grain size trend analysis.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。