坯料

First backward simulation was made by using population parameter method to quickly get an approximate workblank,and then forward simulation was made by using incremental method to modify the workblank outline for the purpose of getting comparatively accurate outline dimension.

介绍了一种用于冲压毛坯设计的新方法——基于正、反向模拟的毛坯外形设计技术，即先用全量法进行反向模拟，快速得出近似的坯料，再用增量法进行正向模拟修正毛坯的外轮廓，从而得到比较精确的坯料尺寸。

By studying the present calculating formula of rectangular drawpiece blank size, this paper gains the major reason of inducting error,and obtains new more accurate formula,according to the same principal that surface area is equal before and after drawing.

对现有盒形拉深件坯料尺寸计算公式进行了分析，得出其误差存在的原因，并根据"坯料面积与拉深件面积相等"的原则得出了较为准确的盒形拉深件坯料尺寸计算新公式。

By combination of the finite differential technique with the upper bound elemental technique, simulation for the technology of extrusion directly following liquid infiltration which involves infiltration, solidification, and large plastic deformation in one process has been realized and the essences of various technical processes have been revealed by their corresponding simulation results showing the variation of the infiltrated depth and the temperature field with time during infiltration, the punch position, the solidification development of the matrix alloy, the state of the composite within the deforming zone, and the forming load required at different times during extrusion.

采用有限差分法和上限元法相结合，对融浸渗、凝固和大塑性变形为一体的液态浸渗后直接挤压工艺过程进行了数值模拟，从浸渗时浸渗深度与坯料温度场随时间的变化以及挤压过程不同时刻的冲头压下位置、坯料凝固情况、变形区坯料状态、成形载荷大小等方面揭示了不同工艺条件下的各种挤压过程的实质。

The results indicated that during the pressure-keeping stage, the temperature field distributed evenly at the surface and inner part of the billet. In the extrusion process, however, they fluctuated tempestuously which lead to partial overheating on billet surface and result in superficial crack. The flaw analysis and forecast were validated to the experimental result of extruded product.

模拟结果表明，坯料内部和表面的温度场在保压过程中分布均匀，而在挤压过程中则随时间推移而剧烈波动，从而造成坯料表面局部过热，由此导致制件表面龟裂现象的发生。

The semi-solid 2024 alloy billets were isothermally reheated at 620, 630, 640 and 650 ℃, respectively.

摘 要：分别在固液两相区620和 630 ℃以及液相线以上640和650 ℃对半固态2024合金坯料进行等温加热，利用光学显微镜和金相图像分析系统，研究等温温度对半固态坯料部分重熔组织的影响。

And also different types of surfaces like polished type, knurling type and stone-grain type etc., through which, the high density and strength and characteristics of finished products are compressed under 100 tons pressure with TL mould series, The advanced features listed as simple-structured, easy-handling, and high-efficient ensure reliable of quality of finished roofing tiles, which smooth in surface, precise in dimensions and more individual in style.

采用湿坯料模具压制成型工艺，即将真空挤压成型出来的湿坯料通过不同的模具压制而成各种风格独特的瓦类产品及相同工艺的其它产品。压制的成品密度大、强度高、抗耐性好、表面平整、尺寸准确。

The results show that the maximum compression load increases gradually with the increase of the number of compression. The effective strain distributes in the form of ringwise, the maximum lies in the center and the minimum at the surface. The damage is inclined to appear at the drum shape perpendicular to the longest axis.

结果表明，随压缩次数的增加，最大压缩载荷不断增大；坯料内部等效应变分布呈环状，中心部位最大，外部最小；坯料破坏易于发生在与压缩后坯料最长轴垂直的侧表面鼓形处。

According to shapes of spray deposited preforms, different densification technologies of preforms with large dimension and sheets were investigated respectively.

本文针对不同形状的喷射沉积坯料，对大尺寸喷射沉积坯料和喷射沉积板坯的致密化技术分别进行了研究。

Energy saving and cost reducing : such as improvement of reheating process, optimization of slab size and slab grade.

节约能源和降低成本：如改进加热过程，优化的坯料尺寸和坯料钢种。

Furthermore,the influences of hot working parameters,such as friction factor,the top die speed and initial die temperature,on the temperature distribution had been investigated,and the temperature distribution in different deformation zones was analyzed.

同时由于坯料与模具和环境之间存在着温度差，以及坯料和模具接触面上的摩擦功不断转化为热量，使得坯料在变形的同时，将以各种形式和模具及周围环境进行热交换，增加了坯料内部温度场分布的不均匀性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。