坡积

The eastern Laizhou Bay is an important potential area of littoral placer gold deposits of China, in Which both eluvial-deluvial and alluvial placer gold deposits are found. And placer gold anomaly is discovered in the littoral sand barrier, beach, subaqueous bar, subaqueous estuarine delta, seawater shallower than 14m, ancient lagoon, ancient alluvial layers and ancient coastline.

莱州湾东部是我国滨海砂金矿重要的成矿远景区，区内已探明有残坡积型和冲积型砂金矿床，并在滨海沙堤、沙滩、水下沙坝、水下三角洲、水深小于14m的浅海海域及古岸线、古泻湖、古冲积层中发现砂金异常，特别是海区的发现，为我国浅海砂金的调查开阔了新的前景。

A important conclusion is that fluvial-lacustrine, karst, diluvial, colluvial, glacial and outwash deposits, which formed between early Pleistocene and early middle-Pleistocene, have high cement degree, low permeability, high intensity, low deformation, and good engineering properties, but modern riverbed phase deposits, which formed in between late middle-Pleistocene and Holocene, are loose, highly permeable, weak, highly deformable and have bad engineer characteristics, so they are susceptive to differential settlement, piping, drafting, liquefaction problems.

得出早更新世—中更新世早期河湖相沉积、岩溶沉积、洪积、崩坡积、冰碛和冰水沉积密实度高，胶结较好，透水性差，强度高，变形小，工程性质较好，而中更新世晚期—全新世现代河床沉积较松散，渗透性高，强度较低，变形较大，易发生差异沉降、管涌、流土、地震液化等工程地质问题的重要结论。

Key words : diluvium ; slope engineering ; slope reinforcement ; cable ; prestress loss

关键 词：坡积层；边坡工程；边坡加固；锚索；预应力损失

The deep water deposition means the deposition in the area where the water depth is larger than 30 meters, in which the major sediments are coarse sand and gravel. This kind of deposition is the relic deposition formed by the Pleistocene alluvial-lacustine deposition reworked under modern channel currents actions, and ususally the Holocene acummulation lack in the deep waters. The transitional zone deposition is the deposition between the low tidal level line and the 30 meters isobath, where the sediment types is changeable and the grain sizes are gradually coarsening from the low tidal line to the deep water area. This kind of deposition is developed by the deep water eroded sediments sorting under the transitional zone current action. The different types distributed along the isobath. The tidal flat deposition is the fine sediment deposition on the tidal flat which is flo sedimentation of the silty clay under the tidal flat dynamic action and ususally developed fluid mud on the lower tidal flat. The channel mouth deposition is the deposition in the channel mouth area. According to the sediment types, it includes sand deposition where there are coarse sediments supply and silt deposition where there are only fine sediments surpport.

峡道深水区沉积是指水深大于30米的峡道底部沉积，它以粗颗粒砂砾石沉积为特色，是现代峡道水动力对第四纪海退时发育的冲洪积和坡积物进行改造形成的蚀余沉积，全新世沉积地层往往缺失；峡道过渡带沉积是指水深介于低潮位线至30米水深线之间发育的峡道边坡沉积，该带沉积以沉积物类型多样为特色，自低潮位线至30米水深线，沉积物粒级逐渐变粗，由粉砂质粘土逐渐递变为中粗砂，是峡道深水区沉积物经多次分选沉积而发育的，基本平行于等深线分布的条带状沉积，在岸坡较陡岸段，过渡带下部可发育重力沉积；峡道潮滩沉积是指在低潮线与海岸线之间发育的细颗粒沉积，它是粘性细颗粒泥沙在潮滩动力作用下，发生动水絮凝沉积而形成的粉砂质粘土沉积，在低潮滩可发育浮泥；峡道口门区沉积则是在峡道汇入大海或海湾时，在峡道出口水流影响所及范围的沉积，根据峡道口门区供给泥沙的特性，峡道口门区沉积有粉砂质淤泥沉积和砂质沉积两种类型。

With a quantitative research on the chemical and clay compositions of marly stones, their weathering rocks and residuals, as well as SEM observations, the process of dissolution of CaCO 3 and concentration of clay minerals with complex...

通过泥灰质岩石及其不同风化岩和残坡积土的化学成分、粘土矿物成分定量研究和扫描电镜观察，揭示了 Ca CO3溶蚀和粘土矿物富集过程及粘土矿物的复杂成分，发现了风化过程中伊利石向伊利石/蒙脱石混层粘土矿物的转化，解释了岩土工程性质恶化的原因，从而提高了地质研究和地质灾害研究的水平。

But in many reinforcement projects, some unfavourable geological are encountered frequently, such as colluvial soil, residual soil, slope wash, etc., which result in collapse of borehole and clip of bore rod during drilling of borehole that will bring considerable difficulties to construction and many incipient faults for construction quality.

但是，锚固工程常遇到各类不良地层（例如塌积、残积、坡积和崩积层等碎石土地层），在锚固施工的钻孔中由于严重的塌孔、卡钻，给施工带来很大困难，同时也给锚固工程质量带来隐患。

The results show that these gravel silty clays distributed at the range between the rock slope with an altitude lower than 190m and the rock platform with an altitude about 140-150m are formed from sliding; and that those gravel silty clays distributed above 190m of the rock surface are residual, colluvial and talus deposits; and that the gravel sand layer located along Zhuxi River is a kind of alluvial deposit.

研究结果表明：分布在基岩面高程190m以下的斜坡与基岩面高程140~150m平台上的粉质黏土夹碎石土层是由滑坡作用形成的；分布在基岩面高程190m以上的粉质黏土夹碎石土层是由崩积、残积及坡积作用形成的；卵石砂土层是苎溪河的冲积作用形成的。

The upper layer is modern river deposit; the middle layer is relative thick,mainly consisting of icewater deposit,colluvial deposit and deluvium as well as barrier dam accumulation; the bottom layer is formed by ancient river bed deposit and boulder rocks.

河谷覆盖层是由一套不同时期、不同成因类型的沉积物相互迭置的结果，由表及里宏观上可分为3层：表层为现代河流相堆积；中间主要为以冰水、崩积、坡积、堰塞堆积与冲积混合为主的加积层，厚度相对较大；底部主要为古河床的冲积、冰水漂卵砾石层。

Firstly the thesis made study on stress field、 displacement field、 yielding part in colluvial deposit and accretion before water accumulated and after water accumulated and made the conclusion that slope failure will take place easier in colluvial deposit than in accretion.The stability computation indicates that stability will decline either for colluvial deposit or accretion bank and decline more rapidly in colluvial deposit than accretion bank.

论文首先对崩坡积、冲洪积岸坡蓄水前后的应力场、位移场及塑性区的变化进行对比，结论为崩坡积体岸坡遇水比冲洪积体岸坡更容易发生破坏；通过对岸坡的稳定性计算，两种岸坡在蓄水后和水位骤降时的稳定性均明显降低，崩坡积体岸坡降低更为显著，且其天然稳定性较冲洪积岸坡为差。

The eluvial soils on slopes where surface flow occurs are mainly clayey soils with some blocks or debris. They have good grading distribution and a thin soil horizon.

发生坡面流的斜坡残坡积土主要为粘性土，含少量块石或碎石，级配较好，且土层厚度小。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。