坡度

The relationship between slope and upslope drainage area is derived by regression analysis, from the relationship the characteristics of gully initiation have been analyzed. Combined with the land use information, land use impact on gully initiation threshold has also been studied.

对坡度和上游汇水面积数据作回归分析，得到坡度和上游汇水面积的关系，进而分析研究区内切沟发育的特点；结合研究区土地利用状况分析土地利用对切沟发育临界条件的影响。

From high resolution RS image of study area, gully head locations and land use information can be extracted, by performing overlay analysis on gully head locations map and flow accumulation map, slope gradient map, the slope and upslope drainage area of each gully head can be obtained.

采用的方法是RS技术与GIS技术相结合的方法，利用高分辨率卫星影像提取研究区内所有切沟的沟头位置和土地利用状况，将沟头位置与研究区的水流汇流网络图、坡度图作叠加分析，得到切沟沟头的坡度和上游汇水面积。

This paper introduced the concept of information entropy for analyzing the influence of DEM resolution on topographic characteristics(slope,upslope area per unit contour length and topographic index) calculation.

本文以褒河流域为例，引入信息熵的概念量化分析了 DEM分辨率对地形特征(坡度、单宽上坡集水面积和地形指数)计算的影响，发现随着 DEM分辨率的降低，计算得到的坡度值偏小，单宽上坡集水面积值偏大，从而导致地形指数计算值偏大。

The DTM for automatic-design of thruway was put forward by Prof. Miller in 1956. Since then , the DEM is used for design of various circuit diagram, and for account of area, cubage, gradient of various project, and for estimating visibility from point to point; for rendering contour, grade-graph, aspect-graph, solid model; for making orthographic image and repair map in the Topography; for assistant data to classify in the Remote Sensing; as basic data in the GIS, for analysis and layout actuality of using soil, for disaster prediction; for navigation, guiding missile in the military affairs.

美国麻省理工学院Miller教授为了高速公路的自动设计于1956年提出了数字地面模型的概念后，DEM被用于各种线路的设计及各种工程的面积、体积、坡度的计算，任意两点间可视性判断及绘制任意断面图；在测绘中被用于绘制等高线、坡度坡向图、立体透视图，制作正射影像图与地图的修测；在遥感中可作为分类的辅助数据；它是地理信息系统的基础数据，可用于土地利用现状的分析、合理规划及洪水险情预报等；在军事上可用于导航及导弹制导；在工业上可利用数字表面模型DSM或数字物体模型绘制出表面结构复杂的物体的形状[2]。

This experiment takes Badaling watershed in Yanqing Beijing as an example,based on 1:10 000 the large geographical scale,adopting statistical analytical methods,the authors compared the errors of the slope,aspect,average cross section curvatures and average surface coarsens curvatures while the DEM grids varies.Besides,the authors analyzed the qualitative relation between variety of grids size and the slope,aspect,average cross section curvatures and average surface coarsens curvatures with the results of calculation.

以北京市延庆县八达岭小流域为例，不考虑DEM采样点上高程误差，采用1∶10 000大比例尺，运用统计分析方法，比较当DEM网格尺寸变化时，对坡度，坡向，剖面曲率和平面曲率计算结果的误差，分析网格尺寸的变化与坡度，坡向，剖面曲率和平面曲率计算结果之间定性定量关系。

BC to Yakou (about 4850 meters): BC start walking, gentler slope, close to Yakou at more than rubble, slope steepens, rising more difficult.

BC 至垭口（约4850米）：BC出发步行，坡度较缓，接近垭口处多碎石，坡度变陡，上升较为吃力。

For extraction of DEM in urban area, the segmentation of the point cloud should be carried out.

通过分析数字表面模型的坡度进行初始的分割，剔出坡度较大的三角形。

Firstly, this paper analyzes the transmission style of diving machine in detail and selects hydrostatic transmission as transmission manner of Heavy Engineering Transporter. Then we analyze the principle of hydrostatic transmission, control style of hydraulic components and the basic driving theory of transporter and pay attention to solve the problems of driving speed-regulation control when transporter runs on different road surface and differential speed control ensured every wheels pure roll when transporter is in swerving.

接着分析了静液压传动的液压原理、静液压传动液压元件的控制方式和汽车行驶理论基础，主要解决了以下控制问题：(1)车辆在不同工况下行驶时，选择不同速度的整车调速控制；(2)车辆转弯时，为确保车轮实现纯滚动，而使各驱动轮按设定规律运动的差速控制；(3)车辆从一坡度过度到另外一坡度时，使每个驱动桥实现同步的桥间差速控制。

July was the critical period for nitrogen and phosphorus losses. FR over 20° should be fallowed.

与不同坡度农田流失泥沙量的顺序相同。20°是农田氮素和磷素流失的临界坡度。20°以上的农田应该退耕。7月份是农田氮素和磷素流失的敏感期。

From the probabilistic equation of debris-flow occurrence, the curves of probability-slope-water level were obtained. One can see the influences of water level and sediment-layer slope on the probability of occurrence from the curves. The influence of coefficients of variation on occurrence probability are also shown in this paper.

由土石流发生机率方程式，推求土石流发生机率－坡度－水位曲线，并藉以探讨参数之变异系数对土石流发生机率之影响，及评估土层在水位、坡度的变化下，土石流之发生机率。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。