坡

According to the specific property of the red-rock,using campare tests, study the key technology of the road slope protection.Find the plants and the planting ways;grass and the rate;the season to plant and the biological protection on different slope.On the basis of analyzing the result of field experiment and field survey, and the experience of biological protection test and design on landscape ecological afforestment construction of highway in Hunan Province.

本文针对红砂岩的特性，采用对比试验的方法，主要针对公路边坡防护的高新技术开展研究，研究适用于湖南省红砂岩地段边坡防护用的植物与配置模式、草种与草种配比、播种时间及边坡生物防护方法的施工原理与工艺流程及各种防护方法适用的边坡类型。

Besides, when the experimental soil was clay soil of Yangling, the appearance and developing process of rill erosion happened respectively 12-15min and 4-8min earlier than of silt soil of Shaanbei.Accumulated sheet and rill erosion amounts increased with the rainfalls time, and the latter increased quickly than the earlier. The total accumulated rill erosion amounts were 2.5 and 5.5 times more than accumulated sheet erosion amounts.

黄绵土坡面发生细沟侵蚀的时间早于粘黄土坡面12-15min；坡面细沟侵蚀达到稳定的时间粘黄土坡面也比黄绵土坡面滞后约4-8min；累积面蚀量和细沟累积侵蚀量均随降雨时间的延续而增加，且后者增加幅度明显大于前者；降雨结束时，坡面细沟累积侵蚀量约为累积面蚀量的2.5～5.5倍，约占坡面总侵蚀量的80％以上。

Through the research of direct search method based on 3D FEM, and its application for the tunnel slope stability analysis, the objectives of this work in this paper are as follows:1. The dynamic programming as well as its application for 3D side slope stability analysis is studied. With the introduction of graph theory concept, one kind of glide pattern of 3D slope is constructed, and the critical slip surface with smallest safety factor is searched with the aid of one auxiliary function including safety factor;2. Using the C++ programming language, the 3D slope stability analysis and the direct search procedure is established, and this method is testified applicably by some contrast analysis, also some influence factor in analysis is discussed;3. Integrated with the different actual situation in tunnel slope, considered its excavation, timbering and rain infiltration, its stability influence and rule is researched used this method, also some processing measure is proposed.

本文通过对三维有限元直接搜索法的研究，并将其应用于隧道边坡的稳定性分析中，主要的研究内容有：1、研究了动态规划原理及其在三维边坡稳定性分析中的应用，引入图论概念，构筑出一种边坡三维滑裂面的滑动模式，借助一个包含安全系数的辅助函数并通过动态搜索求得临界滑裂面与最小安全系数；2、采用C++程序设计语言，编制出边坡三维稳定性分析以及直接搜索法的程序，通过一些算例的对比分析，验证本文方法的适用性，并讨论了三维分析中的一些影响因素。3、结合隧道边坡的不同实际情况，考虑施工开挖过程、衬砌结构及降雨渗流等方面的因素，利用本文方法研究对其稳定性的影响和规律，并提出处理措施

As to the excavation of the slope, if there are not the cases such as particular direction conformation weak side, rock crack generate randomly or slope of open-pit mine of soft rock effloresced notably, and the slope being stable, but adjacent industry and civilian construction suffering obviously form the impairing of excavation even destroyed, It is of the same importance for engineering to study the movement and deformation law influenced by the pit excavation with stochastic medium theory.

对于边坡工程开挖而言，若不存在控制边坡滑动的定向构造弱面、岩石随机裂隙发育或风化显著的某些软岩露天矿山边坡，以及边坡稳定，但邻近的工业建筑与民用建筑受到显著开采损害，甚至破坏的情况，用随机介质理论研究边坡体在开挖影响下的移动与变形规律对工程与生产同样具有重要意义。

Soil sampling is carried on on the typical slopes, and the mountain slope location that is being researched is divided into three parts: upper slope, middle slope, lower slope, and three land use ways are selected respectively in each slope location(altitude, slope gradient and aspect are same on the whole): farm land,, reforested land, waste land are taken as sampling sites.

土壤采样选取典型坡面进行，把研究的山体坡位分为3个部分：上坡位、中坡位、下坡位，在每个坡位(海拔高度、坡度及坡向基本一致)分别选取3种土地利用方式：坡耕地、人工林、荒草地作为采样点。

The study we have performed demonstrated that the main roof first broke with asymmetry character; gully mining-induced slope was divided into multilateral blocks by surface advance cracks. Furthermore, multilateral blocks rotated and subsided by the function of extrusion and friction between the broken rock block above the goaf and the rock mass advance the coalface.

冲沟坡体下开采时，基本顶初次破断具有不对称性；冲沟采动坡体被地表超前裂隙切割成多边块状，并在两侧坡体的夹持摩擦作用下缓慢回转下沉；相同地质条件下，坡角越大，采动坡体对工作面矿压影响越大。

According to slopes'stabilities, this paper devided them into four types on the basis of flat-cut and short-supporting, high-cut and strong-supporting. To different slopes, the different excavation and reinforcement schemes are choosed by simple and unified standard.

由于试验条件的局限性和边坡破坏后后果严重，为尽量避免边坡的破坏，本文采用了UDEC程序对重点边坡的开挖前后阶段进行了模拟，预测了边坡的发展趋势，为边坡的支护设计提供了一定的理论依据。

Thirdly, the thesis paid close attention to the isochrones of pore water pressure in the engineering cases of slope under the conditions different rates of change water level and raining by using numerical simulation on the basis of saturated-unsaturated theory. From the result, the change of groundwater and water level in front of slope is not synchronized .

结合工程实例，采用数值模拟，结合非稳定饱和-非饱和渗流理论，重点探讨坡前水位按不同速率变化及强降雨情况下，坡体内渗流场的时空分布特征，从计算结果得出，水位在上升或下降期，坡体内地下水位变化与坡前水位变化速率不同步，表明坡体内地下水位变化有明显的滞后特点。

As the experiment results show, the thrust at front end, body strain and surface deformation of slope have a great change in the upper part of slope, especially in the top part.

上部坡体的坡前推力、坡体变形、坡面变形都会产生较大的变化，其中靠近坡面的部分产生的变化最大。

Based on the theories of G-force and the mechanics of materials ,in combination with practical engineering and laboratory test results ,detailed study was conducted on the stability of cutting slope .

以地球引力场理论和材料力学理论为指导，结合工程实践和实验室研究结果，对人工切坡的边坡稳定问题进行了深入的研究，给出了人工切坡边坡稳定机理的新见解和新的边坡稳定预警准则。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失