坐标系统

In order to ensure the precision and reliability, this paper designs the GPS/Loran C/SINS/AHRS integrated system. In this integrated system, the self-adaptive federated Kalman filter is introduced to revise strap-down inertial navigation system; the heading angle attitude and heading reference system is used to ensure the convergence of heading angle; and the coordination transformation for Loran C is applied to eliminate the constant error of Loran C.

针对导航精度及可靠性，设计了GPS/罗兰C/SINS/AHRS组合导航系统，该组合导航采用了自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波的方法，通过闭环形式校正SINS，并用姿态航向参考系统代替捷联惯性导航系统输出的航向角以保证航向角的收敛，同时对罗兰C的测量值进行坐标变换以消除由于坐标系不同而带来的常值误差。

In chapter 1,we find out a kind of two-parameter invariant cubic curve family of a certainquadratic system which is important one for studying the distribution of limit cycles.

第二章讨论一般的二次系统具有三次代数曲线同宿环的充要条件，针对问题，我们采用了具有双曲鞍点的二次系统的标准形，利用仿射坐标变换，我们把系统和曲线同时简化，使问题得到了完满解决。

For linear systems,the goal could be reached by controlling a set of generalized coordinates of the system.

分析分析了对多自由度系统采用多个单输入单输出的控制方法的条件，即控制线性系统的一组广义坐标来达到控制整个系统的目的。

The so-call'exportable equation'is found by nonlinear geometry method for general non-autonomous chaotic control systems which coefficient matrix of control term is functional matrix contained system variables. The homeomorphic transformation of coordinate is found under specified conditions, the coefficient matrix of control term can be transformed as constant matrix, the synchronization among chaotic systems can be realized by common control methods.

针对一般的非自治混沌控制系统中控制项系数矩阵是含有系统变量的函数矩阵，利用非线性几何线性化的方法找出所谓的"输出方程"，在一定的条件下求出坐标的同胚变换，将控制项系数矩阵变换为常矩阵，然后利用常规的控制方法进行混沌系统之间的同步化。

The measure unit adopts RENISHAW LP2DD probe. HEIDENHAIN linear and round encoders of the machine can as position feedback element. The measure system uses interruptive function of CNC system. When the probe is touched, CNC system will receive a interruptive signal and memory current coordinate position of CNC axes automatically, then after software deals with these information, the real measure data will be got. Compared with theory data, measure error data will be gained.

测量单元采用雷尼绍的LP2DD测头，用机床本身的反馈元件HEIDENHAIN的直线光栅和圆光栅作为位置反馈元件，利用数控系统的中断，当测头被触发时，给数控系统一个中断信号，数控系统自动记忆当前的数控轴的坐标位置，然后经过后续软件处理，得到实际测量值，再与理论值进行比较，得到测量误差值。

Considering the vehicular SG cruise integrating model under braking condition influenced by some factors of nonlinearity, time-delay and the disturbance, a new nonlinear SMITH predictor is designed to compensate the time delays of control variable in advance. Furthermore, with the resort of pure delay operator, extension of the Lie derivative and the Lie bracket, some issues of SISO nonlinear system with time delays in state variable are resolved, which cover the input-output linearization, invertability of coordinate transformation and the disturbance decoupling problem.the staged transformation and design technique, the vehicle deceleration tracking control and the SG cruise disturbance decoupling control under braking condition are carried out effectively using proposed control method.

在建立制动工况下车辆走-停巡航系统集成模型基础上，针对其非线性、时滞特性以及目标车减速度干扰的影响，提出一种改进的非线性SMITH预估补偿方法，以消除控制变量时滞，并结合时滞算子、扩展李导数和扩展李括号方法，研究并解决了SISO状态变量时滞非线性系统的输入输出线性化、坐标变换的可逆性以及输出干扰解耦问题，实现了SISO时滞非线性系统的综合控制。

Secondly, three kinds of mathematics model of optical vortex beams were introduced here. Then the propagation dynamics of optical vortex beams through the non-axis symmetry system is studied, this chapter includes the introduction of the symmetry vortex beam and the non- symmetry vortex beam, the deduction of the Collins diffract integral formula for the non-axis symmetry system, and the transformation of the vortex beam passing through the non-axis symmetry system has been described by using the numerical simulation. Then the general calculation for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, the matrix form for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, and the photon method to describe the orbit momentum of vortex beams are also introduced here. Finally, the interference about optical vortex beams was studied.

本文对涡旋光束进行了较为全面的介绍和研究，主要内容包括：（1）光学涡旋光束的基本理论，主要是介绍了单个光学涡旋光束在柱坐标中的一些表征，涡旋光束的奇异相位和光学涡旋的相位结构；（2）光学涡旋光束的三种数学模型；（3）光学涡旋光束在非轴对称光学系统中的传播动力学，其中介绍了对称涡旋光束与非对称涡旋光束，推导了非轴对称光学系统的 Collins 衍射积分公式，并利用计算机模拟图描述了对称涡旋光束经过非轴对称光学系统后涡旋形态的改变；（4）涡旋光束轨道角动量的一般计算，涡旋光束轨道角动量的矩阵形式，光子法描述涡旋的轨道角动量；（5）涡旋光束的干涉。

the digitized mapping technique is to combine the field data collection system with the computer assisted mapping system in surveys by computer technology.it aims to realize the information collected and processed digitally and automaticaity.the digitized mapping technique can cut short the working time,lighten the labor intensity and enhance the precision of the productions.the system consists of three parts,such as data input,data processing and data output.the survey-record digitized mapping technique is widely used in the digitized mapping working pattern.for its superiority over traditional plane-table mapping in accuracy and efficiency,the large scale digital mapping is becoming more and more popular.compared with traditional analogue mapping,digital mapping has more quality control pivotai points,and its contents and methods are more complex.with the appearance of new technology gps ,the coordinate of different levels controlling points may be surveyed in high precision and it has been applied widely in topographic survey.the operation process of gps electronic tachometer is introduced and its application in topographic survey is br

计算机应用论文，计算机论文， rtk ，全站仪，数字测图，地形测量， gps论文摘要：数字测图是在测量工作中利用电子计算机技术将野外数据采集系统与内业机助制图系统相结合，其目标是实现信息采集处理的数字化、自动化、信息化。数字测图可以缩短作业时间，减轻劳动强度，提高成果精度。数字测图系统主要由数据输入、数据处理和数据输出3部分组成，数字测图作业模式中测记式数字测图应用最为广泛。大比例尺数字测图正以其测图精度高，成图速度快等优势逐步的取代传统的，以平板仪为主的模拟测图。与传统的模拟测图相比，数字测图的质量控制关键点更多、内容与方法更为复杂。gps 新技术的出现，可以高精度并快速地测定各级控制点的坐标，在地形测量中已得到广泛地应用。本文介绍了gps 配合全站仪的作业流程，简要阐明了其在地形测量中的应用。在利用实测数据成图的过程中，解决一些常见的问题，并给出解决的办法及依据，同时给出一些有益的结论，以适应实际使用的需要。

The management and quality analysis of the primitive images have been analyzed and studied in this paper, of which the content and structure are as follows:Firstly, the developing background and the meaning of the management and quality analysis of the primitive image, as well as the trends of the management and data quality of the image database studied both in and out of our country, have been discussed in detail.Secondly, the developing direction of the technology of the remote sensing image and the importance of the remote sensing images in the field of economy nowadays have been analyzed systematically. And it is pointed that the primitive image with the elements of interior and exterior orientation will become more and more important as a sort of image production.Thirdly, the hierarchical structure of database, especially the SQL Server adopted in this system, has been deep studied and analyzed in the aspects of Applying Program Interface, Internet Data Connector and ActiveX Data Object.Fourthly, the methods of assessing the quality of the remote sensing image have been put forward in the terms of geometry, construction and the integrality of the assistant information.Fifthly, the model of propagation of errors of the precision of the ground coordinates has been calculated in the steps of inner orientation, spatial resection and answering based on the deep analysis of the principles and processes of inner direction and space resection, which have also been experimented and analyzed in term of numerical value.Finally, the total design and the idiographic realization of the sub-modules have been introduced in detail, based on which the design and development of this system are realized in combination with the program languages such as VB6.0, VC6.0 and SQL.

本文针对原始影像的管理与质量分析进行了深入的研究与探讨，主要内容包括：(1)首先对原始影像管理与质量分析系统的研制背景和意义进行了详细论述，并对影像数据库管理和数据质量研究的国内外动态作了介绍；(2)对遥感影像技术目前的发展趋势以及遥感影像在国民经济生活中的地位进行了深入的分析，并指出附带有内外方位元素的原始影像作为一种影像产品将越来越会引起人们的重视；(3)对数据库的体系结构进行了深入的研究与分析，尤其是对SQL Server数据库的体系结构，从编程接口、Internet数据连接器和ActiveX数据对象三个方面进行了深入剖析；(4)从几何质量、构像质量和附属信息的完整性三个方面提出了对遥感影像质量的评定方法；(5)基于对内定向和空间后方交会原理及过程的深入分析，推导出了从内定向到空间后方交会再到最终求解地面坐标的误差传递模型，并对上述模型进行了数值实验和分析；(6)对原始影像管理与质量分析系统的总体设计和各模块功能的具体实现进行了详细的介绍，并在此基础上联合VB6.0、VC6.0和SQL等编程语言，实现了系统的设计与开发。

The author also investigates Geo~coordinate transformation and similitude/affine transformation. Having accomplished the design of functions of spatial reference system, the author defines and designs the interfaces, component classes and then implements the component framework.

研究了关于大地坐标系转换和平面坐标的相似和仿射变换理论，在完成空间参照系统的功能设计的基础上，定义了空间参照系统的接口和组件对象，并设计和实现了这一系统。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。