坐标系统

As the center or the Algebra subalgebra of a algebra plays an important role in reducing the number of state variables, the cartan subalgebra is a maximum Abelian subalgebra of an algebra, so it can be a powerful tool for the structure simplification of control systems.

由于代数的中心，或交换子代数在系统的变量降低方面具有重要作用，而Cartan子代数是李代数的极大交换子代数，因而它能成为简化系统结构的有力工具，第二部分利用向量场的积分曲线所定义的映射，构造出一个S—坐标，在该坐标下任一向量场都有一个标准的表示方法，一种无穷级数表示方法。

In the daily management of distribution network, the network structure and the equipment and they locate the geographical environment close correlation, like equipment such as transformer substation, pole tower, user, transformer, with geographical coordinate closely relates in together, but power distribution equipment management, movement management, production scheduling, plan design and so on not only must understand electrical network analysis situs relations and equipment situation, but also must grasp space position which his they is at, therefore must and its geographical coordinate the characteristic position relates the equipment the unification management.

在配电系统的日常管理中，网络的结构与设备和它们所处的地理环境密切相关，如变电站、杆塔、用户、变压器等设备，和地理坐标紧密联系在一起，而配电的设备管理、运行管理、生产调度、规划设计等不但要了解电网的拓扑关系和设备情况，还要掌握它们所在的空间位置，因此必须将设备及其地理坐标特征位置联系起来统一管理。

The system gets two image of one object with two CCD, thus obtains depth from two CCD"s parallax. After investigating the operation spot and discussing with surgeons we use LED as markers, and get the marker"s 3-D position with a non-contact optics orientation method. After calibrating the CCD, processing the image, the system can figure out marker"s areal coordinates, get marker"s 3-D coordinate in dummy world coordinate system, thereby obtain instruments 3-D position and orientation. After the coordinate transformation and a series of orientation calculation, operation navigation comes true.

运用两个摄像机对同一目标从不同位置成像，进而从视差中恢复距离；通过对手术现场的仔细了解与手术医师的反复商榷，使用LED作为标志点，利用非接触式光学定位方法提取空间点位置信息：通过对摄像机的标定、图像处理及目标点重心的计算，求出空间点在虚拟世界坐标系下的三维坐标，从而确定了手术器械等的空间位姿，通过空间坐标转换及一系列定位计算，完成了手术导航实验系统。

Compared with the conventional 2-D coordinate measuring systems, the new system has great improvement at measuring speed, aiming accuracy, measuring function and degree of automation The new system consists of two parts image measuring system of displacement and image autofocusing and aiming system The displacement measuring system in which CCD camera is used for locating the optical scale not only processes the advantages of absolute code measuring system powerful noiseproof feature, good long-time stability, easily compensated ruling error of optical scale, but also has the advantages of morden numerical systems easy numeralization and intelligence The autofocusing and aiming system in which CCD camera is applied for gaining the defocusing information and edge location information of workpiece enjoys the advantages of fast autofocusing, accurate result, high accuracy of edge detection and wide range of measured parameters, etc The feasibility of the new 2-D measuring system is analyzed in this thesis and related parameters are calculated.

详细本文在分析了现有二维中小尺寸测量系统中，光学仪器的光学读数系统和调焦、瞄准系统的优缺点之后，结合现代数字化仪器的优缺点，提出研制一种新的二维图像测量机系统。与传统二维坐标测量系统相比，新型系统在测量速度、瞄准精度、测量功能及自动化程度等方面都有较大的提高。该系统由图像式位移测量系统和图像式自动调焦、瞄准系统组成。图像式位移测量系统采用CCD摄象机拾取光学线纹尺的位置信息，既具有传统光学式绝对码位移测量系统的优点—抗干扰能力强、长期稳定性好、光学标尺误差易于补偿等优点，又具有现代化数字仪器易于微机化、智能化的优点。

The kinetic energy of the collective motion have been parted three parts, which arevibrations in body-fixed frame, rotation of this system about the axes of Lab-frame and couplingbetween vibrations and rotation.

我们从多极形变系统小形变下的集体运动经典动能表达式出发，引入转动算符，把多极形变系统的集体运动动能从实验室系转到体坐标框架，从而将集体运动动能分解成体坐标框架下的形变振动、体坐标系围绕实验室系的转动及振动与转动的耦合。

In the research on assessment of inspectability, a uncertainty model and uncertainty propagation model of Virtual Coordinate Inspecting System is setup according to the feature that parts to be inspected in Virtual Coordinate Inspecting System are considered as ideal parts.

在可测量性评估方法的研究中，本文从虚拟坐标测量系统中的零件被当作理想零件这一特点出发，建立了虚拟坐标测量系统的不确定度模型及其不确定度传递模型。

Centering on these two purposes, this paper sets up the architecture and functional model of Virtual Coordinate Inspecting System , determines its characteristics, determines its working process that from inspection planning、path planning、movement simulation、measurement uncertainty analysis of inspected parameters and assessment of inspectability according to user's demands.

围绕这两个目的，本文首先建立了虚拟坐标测量系统的体系结构和功能模型，确定了虚拟坐标测量系统的特征，确定了根据用户需求进行测量方法设计和路径规划，进而进行测量过程运动仿真、被测参数的测量不确定度分析和可测量性评估这一工作过程。

So the article especially explores the ideological and political educations new coordinate structure and the connotation of the origin coordinate and the other axises under the WTO environment:The origin coordinate is the value orientation of the ideological and political education.

因此，本文着重对WTO环境中思想政治教育新坐标的体系结构以及坐标原点与各轴的具体内涵作了系统的开拓性分析探讨：坐标原点O是思想政治教育的价值取向。

Sytematic introduction of GPS theory and its three sub-systems, with focus on GPS's role in transportation which includes road engineer, auto navigation, traffic supervision and etc, has been presented in this paper. Thanks to its ability to provide continuous high-precision 3-dimensional coordinate all day round, technical parameter of 3-dimensional speed and time information, GPS has been widely used in public transport system in recent 2 years.

本文系统介绍了GPS的原理和其三大子系统，着重介绍了GPS系统在交通运输中的应用，包括在道路工程、汽车导航和交通管理中的应用以及其他应用， GPS全球队定位系统在公交系统中的应用，在最近两年得到了迅速的推广，这主要依赖于GPS系统可以向全球任何全天候地连续提供高精度的三维坐标、三维速度和时间信息等技术参数。

Survey gain through this project, analysed use double base the RTK measurement technique of station double sampling, the system that can eliminate error of fiducial station coordinate effectively to nod planar coordinate to sampling is affected, disappear weak troposphere changes to be affected to what RTK tall Cheng measures randomly, make RTK planar coordinate measures the need that one class lead measures contented city thereby, make RTK tall Cheng is measured be close to or achieve the 4 precision that wait for leveling.

通过该项目测量成果，分析了采用双基站双采样的RTK测量方法，可有效消除基准站坐标误差对采样点平面坐标的系统影响，消弱对流层随机变化对RTK高程测量的影响，从而使RTK平面坐标测量满足城市一级导线测量的需要，使RTK高程测量接近或达到四等水准测量的精度。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了