坐标系的

It is shown that in Jameson's algorithm is not an orthogonal stream-lines coordinate system, but a local stream-lines coordinate system instead. Nevetheless, because of the finite-difference discretization in Jameson's scheme is not carried out along the direction of s and n, but along the Cartesian coordinates, the analysis on all terms of the full potential equation in Cartesian coordinates reveals that his scheme does take a back-ward difference along the streamwise exactly at all points in the supersonic flow region.

表明其所采用的坐标系不是真正的正交流线坐标系，而是局部流线坐标系；同时由于Jameson方法并不对s，n进行差分离散，而是在原笛卡尔坐标系下作差分离散，对笛卡尔坐标系下的全位势方程中的各项的分析表明，Jameson方法恰好能做到在超音速点沿真正的流线方向作后差分。

The longitude curve and the latitude curve are the coordinate curve in the new geodetic coordinate system with length as coordinate parameter.

本论文中引入一种新型的大地坐标系，这种坐标系是以经纬线为坐标曲线，以长度量为坐标参数的新型坐标系。

The curved grid is taken to constitute a generalized curvilinear system. Thus, the wave equations have to be written in curvilinear coordinates before applying the numerical scheme.

这一映射技术将直角坐标系下的曲界面变换成曲坐标系下的规则界面，在曲坐标系下用伪谱法模拟波场，最后利用插值得到实际波场的合成记录。

Then, for the first time, a finite element model of the cylindrical shell surface was bring forward and set up.

首次提出和建立了柱体坐标系下的曲面柱壳单元有限元模型，以及在柱坐标系下的边界元法基本方程和柱坐标系下无限域与半无限域基本解。

In view of the general relationship between corporate income tax burden and scale of enterprises, in a rectangular coordinate system, suppose that ordinate axis stands for tax burden and abscissa axis stands for scale of enterprises, then the curve of tax burden of three cities' enterprises is like a flat S. that's to say, tax burden of the smallest enterprises is relatively high, that of enterprises scaled from 5 million to 10 million yuan is the lowest, and then tax burden increases with the scale going up. The trend continues until the scale of enterprises is beyond 100 million yuan and the top point appears. When the scale of enterprises expands to 800 million yuan, the tax burden starts to turn down and is lower than that when the scale of enterprises is beyond 100 million yuan.

就企业所得税负担与企业规模的一般关系看，如果以直角坐标系的纵轴表示税负，横轴表示企业规模，那么随着企业规模的变大，三城市企业的税负曲线呈一个平躺着的S形状，即规模最小的企业税负较高，500到1，000万元企业的税负率最低，然后企业的税负率开始随规模的增加而提高，这种趋势一直延续到企业规模超过1亿元时达到最高点，待企业规模继续扩张到8亿元左右时，税负开始回落，并将低于原先超过1亿元时的水平。

Firstly, we introduce two reference frame used in the model: the earth's core orthogonal reference frame and the station's core horizontal orthogonal coordinate system.

首先，介绍了用到的两个坐标系：地心直角坐标系和站心地平直角坐标系。

It is found that energy density of static sphere symmetry of gravitational field is negative in the sphere coordinates and their energy density is positive definite in the Cartesian coordinates. This result shows that Einstien-Tolman expression of the energy-momentum pseudo tensor in the Cartesian coordinates have reasonable property.

在球坐标系和直角坐标系下我们用Einstien-Tolman表述计算球对称静态引力场的能量密度，发现在球坐标系下能量密度为负，而在直角坐标系下能量密度为正；这样的结果显示了Einstien-Tolman表述在直角坐标系下有其合理性。

Main works in this paper include:(1) Studies on pipelines network underground" spacial data model and data structure;(2) Analysing and extracting the data of cities" pipelines network underground;(3) Methods of development with OpenGL in VC++;(4) Measures of pipelines network undergrounds realizition, such as division of map layer, foundation of coordinate system, real-time roaming about and so on;Finally, works that has been done in this paper is summarized, and prospect of the problems should be gone deep into in future is made, integrated with the experience and deficiency in this paper.

论文所做的工作主要有：(1)地下管网空间数据模型与数据结构的研究；(2)管线源数据的分析与提取；(3)地下管线可视化的方法，例如图层划分、坐标系的建立、地图投影的定义、漫游中的实时处理技术以及地下管线的3D几何造型技术等；(4)VC++中OpenGL开发和运用的方法；最后对本课题所完成的实际工作和所取得的结论性成果进行了概括和总结，结合在研究过程中的体会和不足，对以后的研究中需要进一步深入研究的几个方面做了一个简单的展望。

To resolve this problem, according to the robotic theory, the paper suggests to get the moonquake waves in the horizontal plane coordinate in which the reference direction is the north pole of the moon by coordinate rotation transforming from the moonquake wave measured in the oblique coordinate.

在无人登月探测中，为免使月震计的投放装置过于复杂，也为减小月震计系统的重量、体积和功耗，以及增加系统工作的稳定性和可靠性，不给月震计增加机械的水平和定向调节装置，本文根据机器人理论，通过旋转变换，论证了可以从倾斜、非定向安装的月震计观测到的月震波得到以月球北极为参考方向的水平坐标系的观测，并从实验上作了部分验证，从而为这一难题的解决找到一条可行的探索途径。

Under the unified coordinate system of the earth's core, sphere azimuthal projection varied and inverse transformation are described. Methods of dot quadrant tab and border tab based on object coordinate system are introduced. Algorithms of special border tab and area invasion warning examination are discussed.

在统一地心坐标系下，结合球面方位投影变换及逆变换，定义了目标坐标系以及在目标坐标系下的顶点象限标号和边标号，提出了特殊边标号处理算法及侵入区域的告警检测算法。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了