坐标系的

First, the paper introduces the moving coordinate system based on the curve tangent vector and the curvature component vectors. Next, the total curvature vector is composed and the osculating plane determined in the moving coordinate system. The curve bending is then calculated and the recursion analysis made on the osculating plane.

鉴于空间曲线上曲率采集面的变化，引入了由曲线切向量和曲率分量决定的运动坐标系，接着在运动坐标系中合成曲率矢量，确定密切平面，然后在密切平面中对曲线进行弯曲计算和运动坐标系的变换分析，并对相关公式进行了推导。

"Of or relating to the coordinate system, or to any of three coordinates in it, formed by two polar coordinates in a plane and a rectangular coordinate measured perpendicularly from the plane."

"坐标系的，或者与坐标系有关的，或坐标产生三条坐柱中的任一个的，这个坐标系由一个平面上的两个极线坐标和一个平面上垂直测量的直角坐标形成。"

On moving base, a new initial alignment algorithm for strapdown inertial navigation system is proposed. In the algorithm, two special inertial frames, the initial-time inertial frame (i0 frame) and the initial-time SINS body inertial frame (ib0 frame), are defined and are selected as calculation reference frames, then, the calculation of initial alignment direction cosine matrix is expanded into three parts:(1) the DCM between i0 frame and the navigation frame will be easily obtained via local geographical coordinates and initial alignment time;(2) attitude updating using gyro samples gets the DCM between SINS frame and ib0 frame;(3) by explaining SINS specific force equation in SINS body frame, the relation between velocity log, accelerometer measurement and gravity acceleration is established to achieve the constant DCM from ib0 frame to i0 frame.

在运载体运动情况下，提出了一种适用于捷联惯导系初始对准的新算法，该算法以惯性空间为参考基准，即建立了初始时刻惯性坐标系（i0系）和初始时刻捷联惯组惯性坐标系（ib0系）两个惯性坐标系，将初始对准姿态矩阵的实现分解为三部分：（1）通过地理位置和初始对准时间求解i0系至导航坐标系的变换矩阵；（2）使用姿态更新算法实时计算捷联惯组相对于ib0系的变换矩阵；（3）通过惯导比力方程变形，获得测速仪辅助测量、加速度计输出和重力加速度之间的关系，从中可以求解出从ib0系至i0系的常值变换矩阵。

Applications of homogeneous coordinates in the variable system classifications of structures;2. According to the homogeneous coordinate transition,we deduce the formula for computing target pose under the absolute coordinate system an.

在此基础上，进一步建立空间动态目标全姿态激光跟踪测量的模型，基于空间坐标系的齐次坐标变换，推导出目标分别在绝对坐标系和相对坐标系下的姿态计算公式。

In the process of location compute of object,local coordinate system of object is established,and according geocentric coordinate system is established in terms of earth's ellipsoidal model.

在目标位置解算过程中，建立目标局部坐标系，根据地球的椭球模型，建立相应的地心坐标系。根据求得的目标局部坐标系与地心坐标系的转换关系，解算空中或地面目标相对于地心坐标系的大地坐标参数。

The project is proposed to improve the scale parameters of method 2 coordinate system conversion and a reasonable assessment of the local coordinate system to achieve local and national geodetic coordinate system conversion, changing the original control net all kinds of construction projects can only choose to independent local coordinate system, but not with the national geodetic datum unification.

该项目提出用改进的尺度参数法进行两坐标系的合理转换与评估，实现了地方局部坐标系与国家大地坐标系的转换，改变了原来各类工程建设控制网只能选择地方独立坐标系，而不能与国家大地基准统一的局面。

Due to the moving base existence of the minehunting and the frame structure characteristic of the sonar array, a new modeling thought in which the boat body coordinates is regarded as moving coordinates and the whirligig equation of sonar array compared with the self coordinates is founded on the basis of the Euler's theorem and the coordinate transform is introduced.

由于猎雷艇作为动基座的存在和声纳基阵的框架结构特点，提出了以艇体坐标系为运动坐标系，运用变形的欧拉定理和坐标变换建立声纳基阵相对自身坐标系的旋转运动方程的建模思想；将所建立的矢量形式的动力学模型展开整理，获得了状态矩阵形式的猎雷声纳基阵动力学方程，为系统动力学模型的实用化奠定了基础。

Due to the moving base existence of the minehunting and the frame structure characteristic of the sonar array,a new modeling thought in which the boat body coordinates is regarded as moving coordinates and the whirligig equation of sonar array compared with the self coordinates is founded on the basis of the Eulers theorem and the coordinate transform is introduced. The dynamic equations of minehunting sonar array with the state matrix form are founded by settling the dynamic models with the vector form. So it offers theory foundation for analyzing the dynamic characteristic and designing robust control.

由于猎雷艇作为动基座的存在和声纳基阵的框架结构特点，提出了以艇体坐标系为运动坐标系，运用变形的欧拉定理和坐标变换建立声纳基阵相对自身坐标系的旋转运动方程的建模思想；将所建立的矢量形式的动力学模型展开整理，获得了状态矩阵形式的猎雷声纳基阵动力学方程，为系统动力学模型的实用化奠定了基础。

In this paper the Datum-shift parameters are determined using the map of geoidal undulation based on Rapp's 180×180 solution and the computed values of geoidal un- dulation with respect to WGS-72 system as well as the map of geoidal undulation with respect to local geodetic coordinate system-1980 of our country.

武汉测绘学院学报，，编辑部邮箱 1981年 02期卫星多普勒；地心坐标系；转换参数；大地坐标系；大地水准面差距；本文利用 Rapp 180×180阶解和 WGS-72系统的绝对大地水准面差距分别同我国80大地坐标系的相对大地水准面差距相配合推算了平移转换参数。

Based on the conversion from GPS coordinate system to the west-north-up inertial coordinate system,the west-facing mobile yaw angle was calculated ,and finally, the unity of coordinate systems was completed.

该方法在由GPS坐标系转换到西北天惯性坐标系的基础上，计算与西向的游移偏航角，最终完成坐标系的统一。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了