坐标

A relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is discussed and it is found that the first law of thermodynamics and the equation of state of an ideal gas are invariant with respect to the relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates , so that the existence of relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is reasonable.

讨论了一个涉及热力学的广义坐标的相对论变换，发现热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程对广义坐标的相对论变换具有不变性，表明广义坐标的相对论变换有其存在的理由

The application of homogeneous coordinates in the analysis of complex spatial mechanism is presented.

介绍一种用于复杂空间机构分析的简捷而有效的数学方法———齐次坐标及其变换，阐述了齐次坐标的定义、性质及坐标变换。

By introducing the two dimensional homogeneous coordinates of an infinite point on Euclidian plane,the point coordinates and linear coordinates of an infinite point in straight lines,some theorems and conclusions referred to infinite points are applied in the classifications of structures in this paper.

引入了欧氏平面上无限远点的二维齐次坐标和直线上无限远点的点坐标及线坐标，引用了与无限远点有关的一些定理及结论于结构的分类中。从而给出了可变体系中的常变与瞬变在结构形式上的区别，完善了杆系平面结构几何组成规则的内容

In this paper,we firstly utilize homogeneous linear coordinate transformation to express the object image conjugate theory of Gauss optic system;then compare it with the acting matrix in Theory of Motion Optics,expatiate on the relations between the coordinate transformation method and Theory of Motion Optics.

利用齐次线性坐标变换，将光学系统的高斯物像共轭理论用齐次坐标变换的方法来描述，并与动态光学理论中的作用矩阵相比较，阐述坐标变换方法与动态光学理论的关系。

The determination of projective coordinates in different reference ellipsoid ,which is with the transform between Ellipsoid elements in different reference ellipsoid ,gets the Coordinates in corresponding new Ellipsoid,and finally projects to horizontal coordinates.

位于不同参考椭球面下投影面坐标的求解，是通过不同参考椭球间椭球元素的转换，求得对应的新椭球体上的大地坐标，最后投影至平面坐标。

First, in the horizontal positioning accuracy aspect of total-station instrument, point out the importance of direction, distance to correct calculation and coordinates to convert, give coordinates calculated formula of single intersection point of non-symmetry type of horizontal curve, deduce to square–error's calculated formula of horizontal coordinates and point space by polar coordinates positioning methods, and analyze the main influence factor of square–error.

首先，在全站仪的平面定位精度方面，指出方向、距离归化计算和坐标转换的重要性，给出单交点非对称型平曲线坐标的计算公式，导出极坐标定位法平面坐标和点位中误差的计算公式，并分析中误差的主要影响因素。

Evaluation of three-dimensional surface roughness need to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the points in the surface assessment region, the horizontal coordinates (x-coordinate), vertical coordinate (y-coordinate) and elevation data (z-coordinate).

三维表面粗糙度的评定需要测量出表面评定区域内各点的三维坐标，即横向坐标、纵向坐标和高度数据。

Firstly,the cameras were calibrated high accurately,and the stereoscopic vision system model was established.Secondly,the 3D coordinates of the center of LED on the light-pen were achieved through matching the 2D images grabbed by the two cameras.Then,a series of the 3D coordinates of the center of LED were used for fitting straight line,and the 3D coordinates of the pen-points can be obtained from the line.

首先，对摄像机进行了高精度的标定，建立了双目立体视觉系统模型；其次，通过左右摄像机拍摄的二维图像，将两幅图像中的点进行匹配，获得光笔上的LED光斑中心三维坐标；然后，由一系列LED光斑中心的三维坐标拟合直线，从直线上得到笔尖的三维坐标。

It also Introduces three optimum techniques for the machine model;manually removing redundant information;carrying out optimization with some softwares and algorithm and according to the change of link motion coordinate and angle,puts forward the change of link s coordinate realized by coordinate system nesting,and the change of link s angle realized by relative to driving link s ...

研究了手工清除冗余信息、利用软件优化和利用算法优化三种模型优化技术。根据机构的运动就是坐标和角度的变化，提出了坐标系统嵌套实现构件坐标的变化，用相对于原动件的角度关系实现角度变化的仿真方法。为工程技术人员解决此类问题提供了一种参考途径。

Main ways have been discussed in detail which improve measurement accuracy of three coordinate measuring machine.

第一章综合评述了研究三坐标测量机几何和热效应测量误差补偿策略的重要意义，以及该领域的发展过程和现状，论述了提高三坐标测量机测量精度的主要途径，提出不同用途的三坐标测量机，应采取不同的策略减少其热效应测量误差的见解。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。