坐标

The normal and curvature are significant geometry information for 3D point clouds.

差分坐标以其相关之拉普拉斯运算子在三维数位几何模型上已有许多的研究及应用，顶点的差分坐标计算是由顶点与拓扑上之相邻点的相对位置关系所求得，因此顶点之差分坐标代表了区域曲面起伏变化情况，差分坐标其方向会近似於区域法线方向而其长度会近似予区域平均曲率，此两项资讯为点云资料重要几何资讯。

It was proved that the area coordinates of plane triangle element and the volume coordinates of tetrahedron element are equivalent to the oblique Cartesian coordinates by the analytical and geometrical methods.

本文通过分析法和几何法证明：在有限元法和边界元法中，平面三角形单元的面积坐标或四面体单元的体积坐标与由这些单元的二边或三边构成的斜交笛卡儿二维坐标或三维坐标，尽管定义不同，而其内容却是完全对等的。

Three tool balls , cylinders or holes should be set on it and marked with origin of coordinates, coordinates direction, the relative value between origin of coordinates and that of vehicle coordinates.

并需设有三个测量基准球或柱或孔，并标明坐标原点、坐标方向及坐标原点与汽车坐标原点的相对坐标值。

This paper brings up with the theory of Virtual Coordinate Measuring System. The basic theoretic models of the virtual coordinate measuring system are given. This theory of virtual coordinate measuring system makes use of the principle of Time-Space correspondence and turns the time pulses into spatial displacement. The virtual coordinate measuring system can take the place of the scale system in traditional instruments, which has the disadvantages of high cost and difficulty ofproduction.

本文同时提出并建立虚拟坐标测量系统理论；该理论从传统的测量仪器出发，将传统仪器的实物标尺系统虚拟化，克服了实物标尺系统加工制造困难，及造价高等缺点，将硬件结构简化；本文提出并建立初步的虚拟坐标测量系统模型，并在三坐标测量机上建立了一维虚拟坐标测量系统的实验模型，初步分析系统的系统误差与其随机误差源。

After graduating from self-loving gradually VB programming, has automated the preparation of the Maori blessing calculator so that the company calculated the cost of a lot of convenience, to the AU after a computer automatically calculate coordinates substitute comparison t able to improve efficiency and analysis Repair yields, in the end of August from the beginning of the use of Excel VBA turn carried by the use of Visual Basic programming, simply by the beginning of the coordinates of the aircraft in fixed and gradually perfect its functions, after numerous functions perfect, update d version , until now automatically value, take a few screens to install and keep other aircraft types, Cell coordinates and coordinate simultaneous COF, simultaneously hard and soft keyboard input, question is valueTo prevent failure, point and thread type of undesirable precise positioning the cursor, 4 Operational functions to four 40-inch production line, the company can save costs 6333822.717 RMB.

自毕业后逐渐爱好VB编程，曾为福大自动化编写毛利计算器，使公司的成本计算方便了许多，入友达光电后便有了使用电脑自动计算代替坐标对照表来提高分析效率及Repair良率，于8月底由刚开始的使用Excel所带的VBA转而使用VB编程，由刚开始单纯的坐标计算及机种固定逐步地完善其功能，经过无数次的功能完善、版本更新，直到现在的可自动取值、屏幕取数、设置其它机种并保存、Cell坐标及COF坐标同步计算、软硬键盘同步输入、待算值防呆、点及线类不良精确定位光标、四则运算等功能，以4条40寸生产线计算，可为公司年节省成本6333822.717RMB。

After graduating from self-loving gradually VB programming, has automated the preparation of the Maori blessing calculator so that the company calculated the cost of a lot of convenience, to the AU after a computer automatically calculate coordinates substitute comparison table to improve efficiency and analysis Repair yields, in the end of August from the beginning of the use of Excel VBA turn carried by the use of Visual Basic programming, simply by the beginning of the coordinates of the aircraft in fixed and gradually perfect its functions, after numerous functions perfect, updated version , until now automatically value, take a few screens to install and keep other aircraft types, Cell coordinates and coordinate simultaneous COF, simultaneously hard and soft keyboard input, question is valueTo prevent failure, point and thread type of undesirable precise positioning the cursor, 4 Operational functions to four 40-inch production line, the company can save costs 6333822.717 RMB.

自毕业后逐渐爱好VB编程，曾为福大自动化编写毛利计算器，使公司的成本计算方便了许多，入友达光电后便有了使用电脑自动计算代替坐标对照表来提高分析效率及Repair良率，于8月底由刚开始的使用Excel所带的VBA转而使用VB编程，由刚开始单纯的坐标计算及机种固定逐步地完善其功能，经过无数次的功能完善、版本更新，直到现在的可自动取值、屏幕取数、设置其它机种并保存、Cell坐标及COF坐标同步计算、软硬键盘同步输入、待算值防呆、点及线类不良精确定位光标、四则运算等功能，以4条40寸生产线计算，可为公司年节省成本6333822.717RMB。

After graduating from self-loving gradually VB programming, has automated the preparation of the Maori blessing calculator so that the company calculated the cost of a lot of convenience, to the AU after a computer automatically calculate coordinates substitute comparison table to improve efficiency and analysis Repair yields, in the end of August from the beginning of the use of Excel VBA turn carried by the use of Visual Basic programming, simply by the beginning of the coordinates of the aircraft in fixed and gradually perfect its functions, after numerous functions perfect, updated version , until now automatically value, take a few screens to install and keep other aircraft types, Cell coordinates and coordinate simultaneous COF, simultaneously hard and soft keyboard input, question is valueTo prevent failure, point and thread type of undesirable precise positioning the cursor, 4 Operational functions to four 40-inch production line, the company can save costs 6333822.717 RMB, Amateur using VB programming staff prepared the examination system has been applied to AUO Xiamen plant, and is the level of expand to other plant.

自毕业后逐渐爱好VB编程，曾为福大自动化编写毛利计算器，使公司的成本计算方便了许多，入友达光电后便有了使用电脑自动计算代替坐标对照表来提高分析效率及Repair良率，于8月底由刚开始的使用Excel所带的VBA转而使用VB编程，由刚开始单纯的坐标计算及机种固定逐步地完善其功能，经过无数次的功能完善、版本更新，直到现在的可自动取值、屏幕取数、设置其它机种并保存、Cell坐标及COF坐标同步计算、软硬键盘同步输入、待算值防呆、点及线类不良精确定位光标、四则运算等功能，以4条40寸生产线计算，可为公司年节省成本6333822.717RMB，业余利用VB编程编写了员工考试系统，现已应用于友达光电厦门厂，并正水平展开到其它厂区。

In the absolute coordinate method, the position and orientation of every rigid body in the system are represented by the absolute coordinates with respect to the reference base of the system, the array of absolute coordinates of the system consists of the absolute coordinates of all rigid bodies.

在绝对坐标法中，每个刚体的位形坐标相对于系统的参考基定义，系统的绝对位形坐标列阵由系统中所有刚体的绝对位形坐标构成。

With minimizing the move distance as the optimization objective, the circular curve radius and circle center coordinate were then optimized, the transition curve length, the move distance of each measured points, the mileages and the coordinates of the feature points and so on were further computed.

首先利用坐标法计算各测点的坐标，再计算正矢，然后根据正矢的变化规律选定圆曲线上的测点，用最小二乘法拟合出既有线圆曲线的半径和圆心坐标，并以拨正量最小为优化目标，优化圆曲线半径及圆心，进而计算出缓和曲线的长度、各测点的拨正量、特征点的里程和坐标等。

The application of the survey model in the survey tests on a shield machine manufactured by Herrenknecht A.G.

盾构机姿态控制点测量首先要建立测量模型，即采用导线测量和三角高程测量方法，通过对盾构机刀头和中体圆柱体外直径精密测量，拟合计算出盾构机刀头和中体中心三维坐标，建立盾构机坐标系统，解算姿态控制点在盾构机坐标系统内的三维坐标，进而由姿态控制点计算盾构机的姿态。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。