均质性

The karst fracture and vug carbonate in Ordovician of TAHE oilfield is complicated and extremely heterogeneous .

针对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏储集体复杂、非均质性严重的特点。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

In view of multi-types, complicated structure, and strong aeolotropism of reservoir of buried hill, we use kinds of forecasting techniques for reservoir together to solve these problems in our research.

针对潜山储层储集空间类型多、结构复杂，非均质性极强的这种特性，本次研究采用了多种储层预测技术联合攻关的方法。

Comparative analysis with the other non-stochastic model constrained by facies shows that the stochastic waterflooding model constrained by facies is consistent with the flooding conditions and rules, it also consistent with the rules of reservoir development and aeolotropism distribution, the result is more reliable, which can provide the effective foundation to adjust and tap the potential for this area.

与非相控随机建模方法预测的模型对比分析表明，相控下的随机水淹模型比较符合油田开发过程中的水淹状况及规律，符合储层发育及其非均质性分布规律，可信度高，为该区调整挖潜提供了重要的地质依据。

Plate model simulating five-point scheme demonstrate that the system can modify horizon aeolotropism, adjust injection profile and control producing water efficiently.

采用平板模型模拟五点井网实验表明体系能够有效的改善层内非均质性，提高注入水波及效率，有效控水。

Horizontal well ; bottom water oil reservoir ; physical model ; aeolotropism ; permeability ; water cut

水平井；底水油藏；物理模型；非均质性；渗透率；含水率

Ta' He oil field is situated in desert of the Tarimensis basin, because it is impact by multiphase play and aeolotropism of reservoir development, the reservoir category, genesis and distribution law is very complicatedly.

塔河油田位于塔里木盆地北部的戈壁沙漠中，受多期成藏及储集层发育非均质性的影响，使塔河油田奥陶系油藏类型、油藏分布规律、油藏的成因都极其复杂。

Identification and forecasting for igneous rock is one hard problem of exploration activity, because it has extreme aeolotropism. By firstly synthetically utilizing seismic analysis, well logging restricted inversion, core well core and electric log analysis method and so on, the igneous rock reservoir of Gaoqing oilfield is effectively identified and divided into one to four four phases according to igneous rock erupting phase.

由于火成岩具有极强的非均质性，对其识别与预测是油气勘探的难题之一，首次综合使用地震分析、测井约束反演、取心井岩心与电测曲线分析等技术和方法，有效地识别了高青油田火成岩储集体，并根据火成岩喷发期次，将高青油田孔店组火成岩储集体分为1、2、3、4期。

Petroleum geological problems are essentially non-linear, which occur to be heterogeneous and anis...

石油地质问题实际上是一系列的非线性问题，具体表现为地层的非均质性和各向异性。

Bitumen is similar to the cement and autogenic clay filled in reservoir pores, and it dramatically reduces reservoir porosity and permeability, increases reservoir heterogeneity and even changes the oil/gas accumulation history at a later stage.

沥青类似于充填在储集层孔隙中的胶结物及自生黏土，使储集层孔隙度和渗透率急剧降低，非均质性增强，甚至可改变后期油气的富集规律。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。