均衡

In this chapter, the author analyses the equilibrium in goods market, then establishes a general model on starchy economic system.

在这一章里，作者还分析了产品市场的均衡，从而建立了一个关于封闭经济体系的一般均衡模型。

It is shown that for all auction mechanism, except the second highest bid-price rule, all equilibrium strategies are continuously differential and strict monotonically increasing, and morever the set of Nash-equilibria is completely described by a boundary value problem for a system of singular differential equations.

证明除了次高价格拍卖规则外，所有拍卖机制的均衡策略都是连续可微和严格单调增的，并且Nash均衡集完全由一阶微分方程系统的边值问题所刻划。

The cost functions of the linear transversal and decision-feedback blind equalizers are proposed in this thesis, which are strictly convex function with respect to the complex tap-weight vector of the equalizer and the error probability. It is proved that their global convergence are guaranteed by using gradient algorithm.

本文提出了线性横向结构的盲均衡价值函数，DF结构的盲均衡价值函数，证明了这两种价值函数对均横器抽头矢量和系统误差概率，都是严格U函数；并且证明了用梯度算法，这两种价值函数保证收敛到全局极小点。

A suboptimum detection algorithm based on the frequency domain equalization was developed and the soft output iterative FDE algorithm JI-FDE was studied.

为了降低OVSC检测的复杂度，提出了基于频率域均衡的次优算法J-FDE，进一步研究了软输出迭代频率域均衡算法-JI-FDE。

It is shown that if the distribution of market information is equal, then the equilibrium price serves as a sufficient statistic for the market information.

研究中特别将私人讯息分配之情形纳入模型中，并假设投资人之绝对风险厌系为常，各自追求预期效用极大，得出市场结清均衡时，均衡价格为市场讯息按照其精确与观察频之乘积加权平均。

The hindrance to the supply of rural public goods in our country is the "dual systems of supply", the lack of government functions and the barriers of financing system.

当前，城乡经济发展的不均衡，原因是多方面的，其中城乡公共物品供给的不均衡是非常重要的原因。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

By using the theory and method of the time series dynamic equilibrium relations, the paper uses the annual data from 1994 to 2004 to discuss the cointegration test and Granger causality test between venture capital gross and the patent output in China.

根据时间序列动态均衡关系分析方法，通过对中国1994~2004年风险资本总额和专利产出数据进行协整分析与因果关系检验，建立相应的误差修正模型，揭示了风险资本市场和专利产出之间的动态均衡关系。

The vector equilibrium problems for bi-variable mapping from a topological vector space to another are researched.

研究拓扑向量空间之间二元映射的向量均衡问题，得到弱向量均衡问题解的存在性结果。

When partnership is underproduction the establishment of FTA have trade diversion effect, when it is production difference trade diversion effect is damaging or improving welfare of host country.

运用局部均衡方法研究伙伴国生产能力较低和产品差别化条件下建立自由贸易区的贸易效应，建立局部均衡模型对贸易效应进行分析。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。