均热

The results show that the compounds have highβvalues of 5.60×10~(-28) and 5.76×10~(-28)esu at 1064 nm wavelength, respectively. The maximum absorption wavelengths of the compounds were less then 600 nm, and their critical wavelengths below 710nm. These compounds were thermally stable with the decompounded temperature of 224 and 216℃, respectively, and consequently they could be considered to be better choices for the preparation of NLO materials.

结果表明：两种噻唑类生色分子具有较高的β值，在波长1064nm处，β分别为5.60×10~(-28)和5.76×10~(-28)esu，其最大吸收波长都未超过600nm，截止波长均小于710nm，生色分子的热分解温度分别为224℃和216℃，具有较好的热稳定性，可用于制备性能优异的非线性光学材料。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, the coefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed. In addition, the dynamic equation about ammonia fertilizer affected by interaction of water and temperature is gotten.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, the coefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

The results indicate that IAQ and thermal comfort in cave dwelling with channel are close to ISO standard 7730, but the airflow distribution is not reasonable.

研究结果表明：地沟窑洞在室内空气品质和热舒适性上均已接近国际ISO7730标准，但窑内气流分布不合理；吊顶窑洞内气流分布情况较好，但进风口附近区域风速过大且温度过热。

The automatic dryer are expected, or auto-transport function, can automatically feed-share level even after drying into the box; box multi-mobile network with stainless steel materials can automatically flip, hot Bottom-up flow through the network with its network with the top layer of material, heat and mass transfer uniform, full, high-productivity, product quality, good-looking color, with flow-through dryer equipped with cooling and vibration levels expected to lose Device, a low-temperature materials is conducive to packing in a timely manner; chain network dryer with the door activities, to facilitate the clean-up day

该烤箱设有自动均料、自动升运功能，可把料物自动摊平后均匀的送入烘干箱内；箱内采用多层移动式不锈钢网带可使料物自动翻转，热气流自下而上穿过网带及其网带上面的物料层，热质交换均匀、充分，生产效率高，产品质量好，色泽好看，烘干烤箱设有冷却层和震动输料装置，出料温度低，有利于及时包装；烘干烤箱设有活动门，便于每天清理

Air switch, contactor and thermo switch all adopt Schneider series products.

空气开关、接触器、热继电器均采用施耐德系列产品，其它继电器、按钮开关、指示灯等电器均采用国内名优产品；用上述器件组成的电控系统，工作可靠性高、使用寿命长。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The results show that eutectic Al9FeNi phase can be fractured under different deforming conditions, but the primary Al9 FeNi phase is only partly deformed greatly.

结果表明，在不同条件下的高温变形均可使针状共晶l9FeNi相碎化，而对初晶l9FeNi相，只有在较大变形量下才能碎化；在热变形温度为400℃，应变速率为1 s-1，变形量为60％的热模拟实验条件下，不仅共晶l9FeNi相得到明显破碎，而且初晶l9FeNi相也得到一定程度的破碎。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, thecoefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。