均差

The water contents in 1m soil layer of eight vegetation types in Yuanmou dry and hot valley in rainy season(August 2 to September 2) were measured and analyzed.These eight vegetation types are Pinus caribaea plantation,Pinus caribaea+Dodonaea viscosa plantation,Albizzia kalkora natural regeneration forest;Dodonaea viscosa+Tephrosia candida plantation,eucalyptus plantation,grassland,waste land and expansive soil.

通过对元谋干热河谷区加勒比松人工林、加勒比松+车桑子人工混交林、山合欢天然更新林、车桑子+山毛豆人工混交林、桉树人工林、草地、荒坡、膨胀土8种植被类型林地1 m土层内不同层次雨季(8月2日~9月2日)土壤水分含量的分析研究得出：在雨季8种植被类型林地土壤的水分含量均较低，因其土壤的物理性能较差，故蓄水保水能力也较差；各植被类型林地土壤的有机质、养分含量均极低，按照土壤养分含量分级标准，各植被类型林地土壤的养分含量均在6级以下。

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

These three groups show the lowest willingness to pay for the fee of increasing the government's tax revenue. The groups of mass consumption and positive concernment show the highest willingness to pay fee for the use of education in ecological. The group of protecting environment shows the highest willingness to pay for the fee of interpreter's salary. The groups of protecting environment and positive concernment show the difference between the fees of ecological preservation. The groups of mass consumption and positive concernment show the difference fees of ecological education. The group of positive concernment shows the highest willingness to pay fee to the use of interpreter's salary, ecological preservation, increasing governments' tax revenue, and the use about ecological education.

研究结果发现此三集群游客均对於支付解服务费用作为增加政府税收之愿付价格为最低；「大众消费」及「热衷投入」集群均对於支付费用作为生态保育经费之愿付价格最高，「保护环境」集群则对於支付费用作为解员薪资之愿付价格最高；「保护环境」和「热衷投入」集群对於支付费用作为生态保育经费有显著性差；「大众消费」和「热衷投入」集群对於支付费用作为生态教育费用亦有显著性的差；「热衷投入」集群对於支付解服务费用作为解员之薪资、生态保育经费、政府税收和教育经费的愿付价格均是三集群中最高。

The criterion is that the location with according to the maximal mean square deviation of the AE signals is the height level of fluidized bed.

利用颗粒运动碰撞壁面产生声波的机理以及声波信号随流化床高的规律性变化，根据料位处的声信号能量及声信号均方差均达到最大的状态，提出了声信号测定料位高度的判据，即声信号的均方差比达到最大时的床高即为料位高度。

On average, the SSC in winter is 2 times than that in summer; and the SSC in spring tide is 2.96 times than that in neap tide.(2) The correlation coefficient of the daily tidal range and SSC at a tide circle is 0.86, and it goes up to 0.96 and 0.93 with one day and two days lag of SSC. This reflects that there has a hysteresis of one or two days of SSC to the tidal range.

三年平均而言，冬季悬沙浓度为夏季的2.0倍，大潮悬沙浓度为小潮的2.8倍；(2)平均的大-小潮半月周期变化中日悬沙浓度与同日潮差之间的相关系数为0.86，(显著性水平0.01)，与提前1日潮差之间的相关系数为0.99(显著性水平0.01)，与提前2日潮差之间的相关系数为0.93(显著性水平0.01)，反映潮差变化对悬沙浓度的影响有1-2天的滞后效应；(3)芦潮港月均悬沙浓度与长江大通站的月均流量呈显著负相关，尤以流量滞后19天的相关性最好。

It is shown from the study results that (1) SSC has obvious neap-spring and seasonal variations with periods being 14.7 days and 368 days, respectively, on an average, SSC during the spring tide was 2.96 times as much as that during the neap tide, and SSC in winter was twice as much as that in summer;(2) correlation coefficient between daily SSC and tidal range on the same day in a mean neap-spring period of 15 days was 0.86, and correlation coefficients between tidal range and daily SSC with one day and two day lag were 0.99 and 0.93, respectively, which indicates that the effect of tidal range variation on SSC has a one day or two day hysteresis;(3) the monthly mean SSC was negatively correlated with the monthly mean water discharge at the Changjiang River Datong station, especially well with the water discharge with a lag of 19 days.

悬沙浓度具有显著的大、小潮和季节性变化，变化周期分别为14.7 d和368 d，平均而言，大潮为小潮的2.96倍，冬季为夏季的2倍；2）平均大、小潮半月周期中日悬沙浓度与同日潮差之间的相关系数为0.86，与前1日潮差之间的相关系数为0.99，与前2日潮差之间的相关系数为0.93，反映潮差变化对悬沙浓度的影响有1~2d的滞后效应；3）月均悬沙浓度与长江大通站的月均流量呈显著负相关，尤其与流量滞后19d的相关性最好。

Assuming all samples coming from populations with the same standard deviation σ, the accuracy of estimating σ from observations of different parts influences control limits of target control chart. The dissertation points out shortcoming of traditional standard deviation estimates and proposes a unbiased estimate of σ which results in that the variation of the estimate is minimums and the control limits is set more reliably.

假设不同工件的样本标准方差均来自于同一分布，则以不同工件的样本标准方差对母体标准方差的估计的精确性直接影响了目标控制图控制界限计算的可靠性，本文分析了目标控制图传统的两种母体方差估计方法的合理性或稳健性较差的特点，给出了一种对σ无偏估计的优良方法，从而使这一方差估计量〓的散差最小，则依此最小方差的无偏估计量所得到的控制界限更为精确，更为可靠。

At the same time the pathological examination was made on aorta artery.results zexie grain decreased obviously the levels of serum tc, ldl and mda, increased the activity of sod, and decreased the area and thickness of athermanous plaque in experimental animals.

结果 泽泻颗粒高、低剂量组tc、ldl、sod给药前后差值与模型对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（p＜0.05）；泽泻颗粒低剂量组tg、hdl、mda给药前后差值与模型对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（p＜0.05）。且泽泻颗粒低剂量组的主动脉内膜增厚程度及结缔组织成分均较模型对照组轻。

Pseudoacacia and Caragana were significantly (P.05) better than A. fruticosa in pH, lactate content and ammonia-N/total-N ratio, so that their fermentation quality was better. In addition, they were high in crude protein and low in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, showing that they were abundant in nutritive components. A. fruticosa was the inferior silage in every evaluation in the experiment. The mixed silage of R. pseudoacacia and Caragana was the best, and the mixed silage with A. fruticosa was not recommendable. There were no obvious changes in the time before and after silaging in nutritive value of these three kinds of plants, it showed that the silage technology was good.

结果表明：刺槐、柠条青贮伺料在pH值、乳酸含量、氨态氮／总氮比值方面均显著地(P.05)好于紫穗槐处理，发酵品质良好，且粗蛋白含量高，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量低，营养价值高；而紫穗槐青贮品质在各项评定中均较差；在混合青贮中刺槐和柠条青贮混合品质最佳，与紫穗槐混合的两种混合饲料品质较差；刺槐、柠条、紫穗槐在青贮前后营养品质均无明显降低，青贮饲料品质等级均为良好，青贮效果较优。

Perfusion in the right parietal lobe in group2 was significantly lower than in group1 (P.01).（2）Average perfusions were higher in the right temporal and parietal lobes than in the left in all 3 groups.（3）Gray matter volumes were significantly smaller in group3 than in group2 (P.05); total cerebral spinal fluidsvolumes were significantly larger in group3 than in group1 and group2（P.05）; right hippocampus volumes were significantly smaller in group3 than in group1 （P.05）. Conclusions Age-related change of cerebral blood perfusions in the healthy elderly over 65 years is characterized with hypoperfusion in the right parietal.

结果（1）经方差分析，第2组和第3组脑组织几乎所有部位的灌注均低于第1组，其中第2组右顶叶灌注的放射性计数比值为0.87±0.18，低于第1组（RAR=0.98±0.17；P.01）；（2）经配对t检验，除第2组的双侧顶叶外，3组颞叶和顶叶的灌注均为右侧高于左侧（P.01和0.05）；（3）经方差分析，第3组的灰质体积占颅内容积的百分比［（47.59±1.26）%］小于第2组［（49.43±1.30）%］，总脑脊液体积占颅内容积的百分比［（14.61±3.16）%］大于第1组［（12.41±0.73）%］和第2组［（11.94±1.27）%］，右侧海马体积［（2.04±0.23）cm3］小于第1组［（2.27±0.20）cm3］，P均。05。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。