均匀分布

We obtained the accurate refractive index inhomogeneity without system error. At last, in order to resolve the question of the spherometer weared out at the laboratory long-term use, we proposed the method that use the interferometer to adjust the spherometer.

研究了测量光学材料的折射率不均匀性5种方法，建立了四步测量法的数理模型，并且在所研制的CXM100-2W式干涉仪上进行了样品材料的具体测量，在消除了系统误差的情况下，准确的得到了样品材料的折射率不均匀性分布。

According to this understanding, this thesis tries to modify PSO algorithm in order to improve its quality of solutions. The main approches include: using uniform design to ensure the uniform distribution of initial particles in the design space; adding mutation operation to increase the diversity of particles; decreasing the maximum velocity limitation and the velocity inertia automatically to balance the local and the global search efforts; developing a new approach to treat the design variables exceeding the bounds; using extensive local searches to escape local minimum. The overall effect of these approaches can yield better results for most test problems.

有鉴於此，本文针对粒子群演化法之流程参考相关文献并稍作改变，使得粒子群演算法在结果的收敛上更具优势，本文的主要改进的方法包括：应用均匀设计的概念使得初始的粒子可以更均匀地分布在空间上；利用突变增加粒子之间的差异性与多样性；利用适当控制的最大速度限制及惯性权重控制，达到区域搜寻与全域搜寻的效果；应用新的边界处理机制处理设计变数超过上、下限的问题；利用区域强化搜寻针对粒子附近地区，再作进一步的搜索以得到更佳之结果；将各种方法综合后配合粒子群演算法使用，可以得到不错的结果。

While Bi, Al substituted Dy-iron garnet films for magneto-optical recording with Rb-doping not only decreased the crystallized temperature, but also decreased the grains sizes.

用热分解法制备的Bi，Al替DyIG磁光薄膜虽然是纳米晶，但由于其晶界分布不均匀、晶粒较大且均匀性差，当用于磁光记录时，晶界将产生较大的噪音。

Results: In 13 cases with leukoencephalopathy, 11 cases had diffusive even lesions of SCC, 2 cases had thin banding marginate lesions at the back part of splenium. The brain lesions of leukoencephalopathy were symmetric, 4 cases didn't show any change in follow-up MRI examination.

结果：脑白质病(n=13)中11例MRI呈弥漫均匀形SCC灶，2例为边缘薄带形SCC灶，脑内病灶均为均匀、连续、对称分布，4例MRI复查未见明显变化。

The results showed that the aluminum plates had a much better effect than zinc plates in identifying crystalline free silica. The all open-faced samples had good uniformity in the filter no matter how many middles were used, but not so good for the closed-faced sampling. The calibration curve had a good correlation coefficient (r=0.995). Due to different industrial operating patterns, the distribution of crystalline free silica concentration varied by the industrial environment. The dust consisted of 10- 30% of crystalline free silica in all samples obtained from the foundry environments. The crystalline free silica was accounted for less than 10% in the respirable dusts.

结果显示，因为铝板对於结晶型游离二氧化矽具有较良好的补正系数，因此做为本研究的基底标准吸收校正的校正元素；SKC铝制旋风分离器搭配开匣式滤纸匣於一阶中环、二阶中环、三阶中环均有良好之均匀度，反之，搭配闭匣式滤纸匣其均匀度均不佳；分析检量线具有良好线性关系(r=0.995)，因作业型态不同，作业环境会有不同的浓度分布，综观作业环境中可呼吸性结晶型游离二氧化矽之含量均小於10%以下，总粉尘结晶型游离二氧化矽之含量约为10 – 30%之中。

The pastille system is consisted of rotoformer and cooler. The rotofomer drop the liquid on the belt evenly and the drop solidified as the belt is moving forward continuously.

上海精涛—造粒系统由旋转造粒机头和钢带冷却机组成，造粒机头将物料成颗粒状，均匀的分布在钢带上，随着钢带的向前运行，逐步固化成型，最终形成大小、高度、外形高度均匀一致的半球形固态颗粒。

One aspect is the coating method of phosphor, which influences the LED's color temperature and range of available color properties, so,phosphor coating in manufacturing process must be uniform in thickness.

荧光粉的涂抹方式对白光LED的发光分布与色温的均匀度影响很大，荧光粉厚度较厚的位置黄光产生较多，色温会较低，因此在芯片上形成的涂抹层必须是均匀。

The output probability distribution of charge carrier multiplier structure from the electron multiplying charge-coupled device and its influence on image uniformity are studied. The probability model is established for the CCM structure of EMCCD. And based on the probability generating function and its properties, the probability distribution function of multiple CCM stages is deduced and its application in improving image uniformity is also discussed.

为了研究电子倍增电荷耦合器件中电荷载流子倍增结构的输出概率分布及其对图像均匀性的影响，建立了EMCCD中CCM结构的概率模型，利用概率生成函数推导了多级CCM倍增结构的输出概率密度函数，讨论了PDF在提高图像均匀性中的应用。

The uniformity degree and rank of the population are given to measure the distribution and quality of the solutions in the population based on the characteristic. Using the uniform degree of the population as objective function and the rank as the constrained condition, the bi-objective optimization problem is transformed into a single objective constrained optimization problem. The computational equations of the charge and force exerted on the particles are presented.

针对这一特点，定义了种群的均匀度和序值，来度量种群中解的分布和质量，将双目标优化问题转化为以均匀度为目标函数，序值为约束条件的单目标优化问题；设计了双目标优化问题粒子的电荷和受力的计算公式，提出了一种新的类电磁算法求解问题。

It appears that the relationships between the land surface heat fluxes and the heterogeneous length scale are significant, but the mesoscale heat fluxes don't indicate similar relationships with heterogeneous length scale. The representability of gridcell averaged surface fluxes is good but that of mesoscale fluxes is not so good.

这些结果表明地表水、热通量的空间分布尺度与非均匀尺度之间存在较好的对应关系，而中尺度水、热通量与非均匀尺度的关系并不明显，说明地表水、热通量的网格平均值的代表性较好，但是不能反映次网格脉动的影响，而中尺度通量的网格平均值的代表性较差。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。